2019-03周

[jerrycheese]

Tuesday, January 22, 2019. Sunny

00

学习了易中天教授的百家讲坛第一集：夫子何人。散记： “君子不器” “三人行，必有我师” 孔子小时候吃过苦，穷人的孩子早当家 孔子是个学人：

• 好学 敏而好学，不耻下问
• 博学 “文武之道，未坠于地，在人”。“ 夫子焉不学，而亦何常师之有”。“学无常师才叫大师”——《丧家狗：我读论语》 李零。大：有容乃大，师：可法曰师。
• 活学 三人行必有我师。在生活中学，在社会中学，在实践中学。 孔子学问好的三个原因：悟性、贯通、实践。 知识 < 方法 < 智慧

01

翻译了PyTorch的3篇tutorials：

• LEARNING PTROCH WITH EXAMPLES。译文：通过例子学习PyTorch
• DATA LOADING AND PROCESSING TUTORIAL
• TRAINING A CLASSIFIER

译文稍后整理发出

[jerrycheese]

Wednesday, January 23, 2019. Sunny

00

学习了易中天教授的百家讲坛第二集：学而优则仕。散记：

孔子不仅自己想做官、急于做官，还推荐自己的学生也去做官，理由是：

• 实施政治蓝图
• 实践学术主张
• 实现人生价值

实现人生价值两种方式：做官、做学问。最佳选择是既做官也做学问。 “仕而优则学，学而优则仕”的意思不是“书读得好就去做官”。“优”是“优裕”的意思，所以“学而优则仕”的意思是做学问还有余力就做官。 首选做官，因为“仕而优则学”在前面：

• 做官是读书的目的
• 做官才是士人的正当职业
• 俸禄才是士人的正当收入

一个人以前是小人，未来也可以是君子。 孔子是不是官迷？不是，因为他是有原则、有底线的。

• 天下有道：“天下有道则见，无道则隐”
• 取之有道：富与贵，以其道得之；贫与贱，以其道去之。

感想：做官=工业界，做学问=学术界，最佳的选择是既在工业界也在学术界，在工作的时候有余力就搞搞学术，搞学术有余力就做做工业界的项目。按照孔子的意思，首选去工业界，因为“仕而优则学”在前面，而工作是读书的目的，也是正当职业，有着正当收入。

01

剑桥中级语法 Unit 26 Can, could and (be) able to 全文翻译，分A、B、C三小节

A

可用 can 来表示某事 ++有可能++ 或 某人 ++有能力++ 做某事

可用 can + 不定式 （can do / can see 等等）：

• We can see the lake from our bedroom window.
• Can you speak any foreign languages?
• I can come and see you tomorrow if you like.

否定形式是 can't (=cannot)：

• I'm afraid I can't come to the party on Friday

B

(Be) able to... 可以代替 can，但是can更加常见：

• Are you able to speak any foreign languages?

can 只有两种形式：can（现在时）和could（过去式）。所以有时候使用 (be) able to... 是有必要的，对比下面的例句：

• I can't sleep.

但是 I haven't been able to sleep rencently. (can没有过去完成时)

• Tom can come tomorrow

但是 Tom might be able to come tomorrow. (can没有不定式)

C

Could 和 was able to...

有时候，could是can的过去式，尤其是遇到词：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，remember，understand

• When we went into the house, we could smell burning.
• She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said.

用 could 泛指某人有一般的能力或权利去做某事：

• My grandfather could speak five languages.
• We were completely free. We could do what we wanted.(=we were allowed to do...)

---

Could 表示 general（普通、一般的） 的能力，而在某些 particular situation（特定的情况） 下，我们用 was/were able to .. 或 managed to...（而不是could）：

• The fire spread through the building quickly but everybody was able to escape. 或 ... everybody managed to escape. （不用'could escape'）
• They didn't want to come with us at first but we managed to persuade them. 或 ...we were able to persuade them.（不用 'could persuade'）

对比下面例句：

• Jack wasan excellent tennis player. He could beat anybody. (= he had the general ability to beat anybody)

• Jack and Alf had a game of tennis yesterday. Alf played very well but in the end Jack managed to beat him. 或 ...was able to beat him. (= he managed to beat him in this particular game)

否定形式 couldn't（could not）适用于所有情况：

• My grandfather couldn't swim.
• We tried hard but we couldn't persuade them to come with us.
• Alf played well but he couldn't beat Jack

测试集

26.1

题目：使用can或者(be) able to 填空，并考虑优先使用can。

4 I can't understand Martin. I've never _____ understand him.

5 I used to _____ stand on my head but I can't do it now.

6 I can't see you on Friday but I _____ meet you on Saturday morning.

26.2

题目：使用括号中的意思完成句子

3 (something you would like to be able to do)

I'd ____

26.5

题目：使用 could，couldn't或was/were able to 完成句子。

5 Sue wasn't at home when I phoned but I _____ contact her at her office.

6 I looked very carefully and I _____ see a figure in the distance.

8 My grandmother loved music. She _____ playy the piano very well.

答案看书

自行补充

很详细：can与be able to 用法上的区别

如何快速区分 can 和 be able to？

1. 表能力时，是泛指（用can）还是特指某件事（用be able to）。be able to 强调通过努力获得，而can强调自身已具有的能力
2. can的形式只有2种：can（现在时）和could（过去时），而be able to中的be可以有多种时态
3. 表示当前决定未来的安排时，看起来像将来时，但是用can
4. be able to 强调结果，而can强调一种可能。所以can可以用在可能性、推测、允许等情况

错误集

① he cannot be over praised for what he has done for all of us.

Predict：不能因为他为我们大家做了这些事情而过分的表扬他

True：他为我们大家做了这些事，应该受到大大的表扬

02

学习、翻译了一篇PyTorch文档。

• TRAINING A CLASSIFIER。译文：使用PyTorch训练一个图像分类器

这次的翻译内容不是很多，主要是代码。。。

[jerrycheese]

Thursday, January 24, 2019. Sunny

00

学习了易中天教授的百家讲坛第二集：实话孔子三：君子固穷。散记：

孔子会做官吗？会啊！“三有一懂得”：有准备、有想法、有策略、懂政治 孔子的施政纲领是：“名不正 则言不顺。言不顺，则事不成”，也就是“君君臣臣，父父子子”，先定名分，比如君在君的名分下义务责任是什么，按规定的社会角色去做人、做事。 “邦有道，危言危行。邦无道，危行言孙”。孙通“逊”，危是“直”的意思。国家政治清明，说话要直行为也要直。国家政治黑暗，行为要直，说话谦虚敬慎一点。 “一个人所说的必须真实，但他没有义务把所有真实的都说出来”——康德 “愚不可及”：装傻。。而不是蠢得要死 “君子亦有穷乎？”。穷是没路走。答：“君子固穷”。君子本来就可能没路走，因为君子走大道，没大道当然就没路走了。那小人和君子有什么不同？小人没路走就只会发牢骚，而君子不会失了风度。

• “穷”和“达”是一对，没路走和有路走
• “贫”和“富”是一对，没钱和有钱
• “贱”和“贵”是一对，没地位和有地位

01

A

Could 的用法有很多，有时表示 can 的过去时：

• Listen. I can hear something. (现在时)
• I listened. I could hear something. (过去时)

不过 could 不止这一种用法。我们用 could 表示现在或未来的可能的动作（尤其是给出建议的时候）：

• A: What shall we do this evening?

B: We could go to the cinema

• It's a nice day. We could go for a walk.
• When you go to New York next month, you could stay with Barbara.
• A: If you need money, why don't you ask Karen?

B: Yes, I suppose I could

当然，can在上述句子中也可以使用（比如"We can go for a walk" 等等）。不过 could 的可能性小于 can。

当想要表示不是真正如你所说的那样要去做的时候，只能用 could：

• I'm so angry with him. I could kill them!（而不是"I can kill him"）

B

我们用could表示某些事在现在或未来是可能的：

• The phone is ringing. It could be Tim.
• I don't know when they'll be here. They could arrive at any time.

Can 在上述例子中是不能使用的（比如不能是"It can be Tim"）

C

could have (done) 表示本来有可能，但实际没有发生

D

Could have (done) = would have been able to (do)

部分练习

27.1

题目：使用could，对问题给出建议

5 When shall we go and see Tom?

(On Friday)____

6 Where shall we hang this picture?

(in the kitchen) __

27.2

题目：使用can或者could完成句子，也可以同时使用

6 Peter is a keen musician. He plays the flute and he _____ also play the piano.

7 "What shall we do?" "There's a file on television. We _____ watch that."

答案找我要

02

学习、翻译了一篇PyTorch文档。

• CLASSIFYING NAMES WITH A CHARACTER-LEVEL RNN。译文：使用字符级的RNN做姓名分类

[jerrycheese]

00

学习了易中天教授的百家讲坛第二集：实话孔子四：头号教书匠。散记：

孔子虽不从政，但为政。从政：实际做官，参与实际操作层面。为政：影响、参与政治，参政议政。 “不在其位不谋其政”的意思是 不越权操作 如果既不能从政，也不为政，那还有第三种选择：育人。让学生去做官。三千子弟，七十二贤人 君子要远离儿子 “有教无类”，有教育就没有类别。“无类”是教育的结果，而不是前提。未接受教育前，每个人是有类别的，教育的作用是消除这些差别。 孔子教学方式两种：答问（2个人）、讨论（多个人）

01

A

我们用 must 来表示我们感觉某事是很确定的：

• You've been travelling all day. You must be tired. (Travelling is tiring and you've been travelling all day, so you must be tired.)
• "Jim is a hard worker." "Jim? A hard worker? You must be joking, He's very lazy."
• Carol must get very bored in her job. She does the same thing every day.

我们用 can't 来表示我们感觉某事是不可能的：

• You've just had lunc. You can't be hungry already.(People are not normally hungry just after eating a meal. You've just eaten, so you can't be hungry.)
• Brian said he would definitely be here before 9:30. It's 10 o'clock now and he's never late. He can't be coming.
• They haven't lived here for very long. They can't know many people.

学习结构：

I/you/he (etc.)

must can't

be (tired/hungry/at work) etc. be (doing/coming/joking etc.) do/go/know/have etc.

B

我们使用 must have (done) 和 can't have (done) 表示过去时：

• The phone rang but I didn't hear it. I must have been asleep.
• I've lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere.
• Jane walked past me without speaking. She can't have seen me.
• Tom walked straight into a wall. He can't have been looking where he was going.

学习结构：

I/you/he (etc.)

must can't

been (asleep/at work) etc. been (doing/working etc.) done/gone/known/had etc.

Couldn't have ... 可以代替 can't have：

• She couldn't have seen me.
• Tom couldn't have seen looking where he was going.

部分练习

28.1

题目：使用must或can't填空

8 Bill and Sue go away on holiday very often, so they __ be short of money.

28.2

题目：使用正确形式的动词填空

6 Carol knows a lot about films. She must __ to the cinema a lot.

7 Look. Jack is putting on his hat and coat. He must __ out.

8 I left my bike outside the house and this morning it isn't there any more. Somebody must _____ it.

10 There is a man walking behind us. He has been walking behind us for the last 20 minutes. He must _____ us.

28.3

题目：按照给定情况使用must have和can't have和括号中的提示来完成句子

3 The jacket you bought is very good quality.(it/very expensive)

答: ____

7 She knew everything about our plans. (she/listen/to our conversation)

答: ____

9 When I woke up this morning, the light was on.(I/forget/to turn it off)

答: ____

答案找我要

02

词性标注

在使用pytorch做词性标注，原理和数据都是参照cs224n的assignment3。 做了一个LSTM版本的，但是效果很差：

INFO:Evaluating on development data
DEBUG:Token-level confusion matrix:
go\gu   PER     ORG     LOC     MISC    O    
PER     2502    396     66      69      116  
ORG     254     1360    146     111     221  
LOC     177     343     1406    55      113  
MISC    153     236     97      642     140  
O       378     587     28      89      41677

DEBUG:Token-level scores:
label   acc     prec    rec     f1   
PER     0.97    0.72    0.79    0.76 
ORG     0.96    0.47    0.65    0.54 
LOC     0.98    0.81    0.67    0.73 
MISC    0.98    0.66    0.51    0.57 
O       0.97    0.99    0.97    0.98 
micro   0.97    0.93    0.93    0.93 
macro   0.97    0.73    0.72    0.72 
not-O   0.97    0.65    0.69    0.67 

INFO:Entity level P/R/F1: 0.52/0.61/0.56

而cs224n的q1_window.py版本的F1能达到0.9。

分析

我的做法是直接将句子送入LSTM（没有像cs224n那样生成windowed data），相当于一个baseline，不过比瞎猜要好

下一步工作

• 先理解cs224n上的原理，完整的用pytorch实现一遍
• 对比瞎猜、RNN、LSTM、GRU四个模型的性能

马上要回家了，这几天可能要整理东西啥的