Becommended gcc version? Build errors with gcc8

[teamblubee]

I've installed all the prereqs, the config.status and config.log are below. Is this an issue with my build tools or something else?

build error here:

rm -f plural.h
Live child 0x8006e44b0 (plural.c) PID 12403 
Reaping winning child 0x8006e44b0 PID 12403 
Removing child 0x8006e44b0 PID 12403 from chain.
        Successfully remade target file 'plural.c'.
        Pruning file 'config.h'.
        Pruning file 'libintl.h'.
        Pruning file '/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/_riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-binutils-gdb/intl/plural-exp.h'.
       Finished prerequisites of target file 'plural.o'.
      Must remake target 'plural.o'.
cc -c  -g -O2 -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -I. -I/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/_riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-binutils-gdb/intl plural.c
Putting child 0x8006e44b0 (plural.o) PID 12404 on the chain.
Live child 0x8006e44b0 (plural.o) PID 12404 
plural.c:184:5: error: conflicting types for 'libintl_gettextparse'
int __gettextparse (void);
    ^
/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/_riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-binutils-gdb/intl/plural.y:40:25: note: expanded from macro '__gettextparse'
# define __gettextparse PLURAL_PARSE
                        ^
/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/_riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-binutils-gdb/intl/plural-exp.h:102:23: note: expanded from macro 'PLURAL_PARSE'
# define PLURAL_PARSE libintl_gettextparse
                      ^
/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/_riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-binutils-gdb/intl/plural-exp.h:114:12: note: previous declaration is here
extern int PLURAL_PARSE PARAMS ((void *arg));
           ^
/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/_riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-binutils-gdb/intl/plural-exp.h:102:23: note: expanded from macro 'PLURAL_PARSE'
# define PLURAL_PARSE libintl_gettextparse
                      ^
plural.c:1129:1: error: conflicting types for 'libintl_gettextparse'
yyparse (void)
^
plural.c:63:25: note: expanded from macro 'yyparse'
#define yyparse         __gettextparse
                        ^
/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/_riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-binutils-gdb/intl/plural.y:40:25: note: expanded from macro '__gettextparse'
# define __gettextparse PLURAL_PARSE
                        ^
/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/_riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-binutils-gdb/intl/plural-exp.h:102:23: note: expanded from macro 'PLURAL_PARSE'
# define PLURAL_PARSE libintl_gettextparse
                      ^
/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/_riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-binutils-gdb/intl/plural-exp.h:114:12: note: previous declaration is here
extern int PLURAL_PARSE PARAMS ((void *arg));
           ^
/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/_riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-binutils-gdb/intl/plural-exp.h:102:23: note: expanded from macro 'PLURAL_PARSE'
# define PLURAL_PARSE libintl_gettextparse
                      ^
plural.c:1298:30: error: too few arguments to function call, expected 2, have 1
      yychar = yylex (&yylval);
               ~~~~~         ^
/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/_riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-binutils-gdb/intl/plural.y:69:1: note: '__gettextlex' declared here
static int yylex PARAMS ((YYSTYPE *lval, const char **pexp));
^
/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/_riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-binutils-gdb/intl/plural.y:178:29: error: use of undeclared identifier 'arg'
            ((struct parse_args *) arg)->res = (yyvsp[0].exp);

gcc8 --version
gcc8 (FreeBSD Ports Collection) 8.0.1 20180304 (experimental)
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

bison --version
bison (GNU Bison) 3.0.4
Written by Robert Corbett and Richard Stallman.

Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

verbose gmake command output: https://pastebin.com/mwq0sQA6 config.status: https://pastebin.com/x7iVrdU1 config.log: https://pastebin.com/CZjGrf8A

[jim-wilson]

GCC8 hasn't been released yet. riscv-binutils-gdb is binutils-2.29 which was released well over a year before the potential target date for gcc-8, and hence could never have been tested with it. It is a known problem that it doesn't compile with gcc-8, primarily due to new warnings added between gcc 7 and gcc 8.

binutils-2.29 was obsoleted by binutils-2.30 which was released at end of January, but that one was not tested by gcc-8 either.

The binutils mainline sources have been fixed. It required two large patches. And since gcc-8 hasn't been released yet, it is possible that more patches may be necessary. The info is here https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=22823

For now, I would recommend using gcc-7 to compile binutils, and using the FSF binutils-2.30 release instead of the old riscv-binutils-gdb sources.

[jim-wilson]

If you really want to compile binutils releases with gcc8, you can just modify the binutils Makefiles to disable warnings. Just removing the -Werror should be enough.

Though looking at this again, I just noticed that there is a file bfd/development.sh which controls use of -Werror, and is supposed to be false in releases and true in development sources. It is true in riscv-binutils-gdb which is odd, as I thought this was a release tree not a development tree. Changing this file might be enough to solve the problem with gcc-8. I haven't tested that.

[teamblubee]

[edit] I am running gcc7

After doing some more research into this issue, it's related to bison and how it's parsing the "plurals.y" to create the .c file.

There seems to be some issues with the bison parsing. after running this command

bison -y --nae-prefix=__gettext --output=plural.c riscv-binutils-gdb/intl/plural.y

that produces the plurals.c file which causes the make command to fail with conflicting types for libintl_gettextparse.

You can see the output plural.c created by the bison command. Does anything seem out of place? make reports errors at

cc -c  -g -O2 -DHAVE_CONFIG_H  -I. -I/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-binutils-gdb/intl plural.c
plural.c:184:5: error: conflicting types for 'libintl_gettextparse'
int __gettextparse (void);

and

plural.c:1129:1: error: conflicting types for 'libintl_gettextparse'
yyparse (void)

/* A Bison parser, made from plural.y
   by GNU bison 1.35.  */

#define YYBISON 1  /* Identify Bison output.  */

#define yyparse __gettextparse
#define yylex __gettextlex
#define yyerror __gettexterror
#define yylval __gettextlval
#define yychar __gettextchar
#define yydebug __gettextdebug
#define yynerrs __gettextnerrs
# define    EQUOP2  257
# define    CMPOP2  258
# define    ADDOP2  259
# define    MULOP2  260
# define    NUMBER  261

#line 1 "plural.y"

/* Expression parsing for plural form selection.
   Copyright (C) 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Written by Ulrich Drepper <drepper@cygnus.com>, 2000.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published
   by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
   any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   Library General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
   License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,
   USA.  */

/* The bison generated parser uses alloca.  AIX 3 forces us to put this
   declaration at the beginning of the file.  The declaration in bison's
   skeleton file comes too late.  This must come before <config.h>
   because <config.h> may include arbitrary system headers.  */
#if defined _AIX && !defined __GNUC__
 #pragma alloca
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include <config.h>
#endif

#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "plural-exp.h"

/* The main function generated by the parser is called __gettextparse,
   but we want it to be called PLURAL_PARSE.  */
#ifndef _LIBC
# define __gettextparse PLURAL_PARSE
#endif

#define YYLEX_PARAM &((struct parse_args *) arg)->cp
#define YYPARSE_PARAM   arg

#line 49 "plural.y"
#ifndef YYSTYPE
typedef union {
  unsigned long int num;
  enum operator op;
  struct expression *exp;
} yystype;
# define YYSTYPE yystype
# define YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL 1
#endif
#line 55 "plural.y"

/* Prototypes for local functions.  */
static struct expression *new_exp PARAMS ((int nargs, enum operator op,
                       struct expression * const *args));
static inline struct expression *new_exp_0 PARAMS ((enum operator op));
static inline struct expression *new_exp_1 PARAMS ((enum operator op,
                           struct expression *right));
static struct expression *new_exp_2 PARAMS ((enum operator op,
                         struct expression *left,
                         struct expression *right));
static inline struct expression *new_exp_3 PARAMS ((enum operator op,
                           struct expression *bexp,
                           struct expression *tbranch,
                           struct expression *fbranch));
static int yylex PARAMS ((YYSTYPE *lval, const char **pexp));
static void yyerror PARAMS ((const char *str));

/* Allocation of expressions.  */

static struct expression *
new_exp (nargs, op, args)
     int nargs;
     enum operator op;
     struct expression * const *args;
{
  int i;
  struct expression *newp;

  /* If any of the argument could not be malloc'ed, just return NULL.  */
  for (i = nargs - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    if (args[i] == NULL)
      goto fail;

  /* Allocate a new expression.  */
  newp = (struct expression *) malloc (sizeof (*newp));
  if (newp != NULL)
    {
      newp->nargs = nargs;
      newp->operation = op;
      for (i = nargs - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    newp->val.args[i] = args[i];
      return newp;
    }

 fail:
  for (i = nargs - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    FREE_EXPRESSION (args[i]);

  return NULL;
}

static inline struct expression *
new_exp_0 (op)
     enum operator op;
{
  return new_exp (0, op, NULL);
}

static inline struct expression *
new_exp_1 (op, right)
     enum operator op;
     struct expression *right;
{
  struct expression *args[1];

  args[0] = right;
  return new_exp (1, op, args);
}

static struct expression *
new_exp_2 (op, left, right)
     enum operator op;
     struct expression *left;
     struct expression *right;
{
  struct expression *args[2];

  args[0] = left;
  args[1] = right;
  return new_exp (2, op, args);
}

static inline struct expression *
new_exp_3 (op, bexp, tbranch, fbranch)
     enum operator op;
     struct expression *bexp;
     struct expression *tbranch;
     struct expression *fbranch;
{
  struct expression *args[3];

  args[0] = bexp;
  args[1] = tbranch;
  args[2] = fbranch;
  return new_exp (3, op, args);
}

#ifndef YYDEBUG
# define YYDEBUG 0
#endif

#define YYFINAL     27
#define YYFLAG      -32768
#define YYNTBASE    16

/* YYTRANSLATE(YYLEX) -- Bison token number corresponding to YYLEX. */
#define YYTRANSLATE(x) ((unsigned)(x) <= 261 ? yytranslate[x] : 18)

/* YYTRANSLATE[YYLEX] -- Bison token number corresponding to YYLEX. */
static const char yytranslate[] =
{
       0,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,    10,     2,     2,     2,     2,     5,     2,
      14,    15,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,    12,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     3,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
      13,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     4,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,
       2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     2,     1,     6,     7,     8,
       9,    11
};

#if YYDEBUG
static const short yyprhs[] =
{
       0,     0,     2,     8,    12,    16,    20,    24,    28,    32,
      35,    37,    39
};
static const short yyrhs[] =
{
      17,     0,    17,     3,    17,    12,    17,     0,    17,     4,
      17,     0,    17,     5,    17,     0,    17,     6,    17,     0,
      17,     7,    17,     0,    17,     8,    17,     0,    17,     9,
      17,     0,    10,    17,     0,    13,     0,    11,     0,    14,
      17,    15,     0
};

#endif

#if YYDEBUG
/* YYRLINE[YYN] -- source line where rule number YYN was defined. */
static const short yyrline[] =
{
       0,   174,   182,   186,   190,   194,   198,   202,   206,   210,
     214,   218,   223
};
#endif

#if (YYDEBUG) || defined YYERROR_VERBOSE

/* YYTNAME[TOKEN_NUM] -- String name of the token TOKEN_NUM. */
static const char *const yytname[] =
{
  "$", "error", "$undefined.", "'?'", "'|'", "'&'", "EQUOP2", "CMPOP2", 
  "ADDOP2", "MULOP2", "'!'", "NUMBER", "':'", "'n'", "'('", "')'", 
  "start", "exp", 0
};
#endif

/* YYR1[YYN] -- Symbol number of symbol that rule YYN derives. */
static const short yyr1[] =
{
       0,    16,    17,    17,    17,    17,    17,    17,    17,    17,
      17,    17,    17
};

/* YYR2[YYN] -- Number of symbols composing right hand side of rule YYN. */
static const short yyr2[] =
{
       0,     1,     5,     3,     3,     3,     3,     3,     3,     2,
       1,     1,     3
};

/* YYDEFACT[S] -- default rule to reduce with in state S when YYTABLE
   doesn't specify something else to do.  Zero means the default is an
   error. */
static const short yydefact[] =
{
       0,     0,    11,    10,     0,     1,     9,     0,     0,     0,
       0,     0,     0,     0,     0,    12,     0,     3,     4,     5,
       6,     7,     8,     0,     2,     0,     0,     0
};

static const short yydefgoto[] =
{
      25,     5
};

static const short yypact[] =
{
      -9,    -9,-32768,-32768,    -9,    34,-32768,    11,    -9,    -9,
      -9,    -9,    -9,    -9,    -9,-32768,    24,    39,    43,    16,
      26,    -3,-32768,    -9,    34,    21,    53,-32768
};

static const short yypgoto[] =
{
  -32768,    -1
};

#define YYLAST      53

static const short yytable[] =
{
       6,     1,     2,     7,     3,     4,    14,    16,    17,    18,
      19,    20,    21,    22,     8,     9,    10,    11,    12,    13,
      14,    26,    24,    12,    13,    14,    15,     8,     9,    10,
      11,    12,    13,    14,    13,    14,    23,     8,     9,    10,
      11,    12,    13,    14,    10,    11,    12,    13,    14,    11,
      12,    13,    14,    27
};

static const short yycheck[] =
{
       1,    10,    11,     4,    13,    14,     9,     8,     9,    10,
      11,    12,    13,    14,     3,     4,     5,     6,     7,     8,
       9,     0,    23,     7,     8,     9,    15,     3,     4,     5,
       6,     7,     8,     9,     8,     9,    12,     3,     4,     5,
       6,     7,     8,     9,     5,     6,     7,     8,     9,     6,
       7,     8,     9,     0
};
#define YYPURE 1

/* -*-C-*-  Note some compilers choke on comments on `#line' lines.  */
#line 3 "/usr/local/share/bison/bison.simple"

/* Skeleton output parser for bison,

   Copyright (C) 1984, 1989, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software
   Foundation, Inc.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
   any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor,
   Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */

/* As a special exception, when this file is copied by Bison into a
   Bison output file, you may use that output file without restriction.
   This special exception was added by the Free Software Foundation
   in version 1.24 of Bison.  */

/* This is the parser code that is written into each bison parser when
   the %semantic_parser declaration is not specified in the grammar.
   It was written by Richard Stallman by simplifying the hairy parser
   used when %semantic_parser is specified.  */

/* All symbols defined below should begin with yy or YY, to avoid
   infringing on user name space.  This should be done even for local
   variables, as they might otherwise be expanded by user macros.
   There are some unavoidable exceptions within include files to
   define necessary library symbols; they are noted "INFRINGES ON
   USER NAME SPACE" below.  */

#if ! defined (yyoverflow) || defined (YYERROR_VERBOSE)

/* The parser invokes alloca or malloc; define the necessary symbols.  */

# if YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA
#  define YYSTACK_ALLOC alloca
# else
#  ifndef YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA
#   if defined (alloca) || defined (_ALLOCA_H)
#    define YYSTACK_ALLOC alloca
#   else
#    ifdef __GNUC__
#     define YYSTACK_ALLOC __builtin_alloca
#    endif
#   endif
#  endif
# endif

# ifdef YYSTACK_ALLOC
   /* Pacify GCC's `empty if-body' warning. */
#  define YYSTACK_FREE(Ptr) do { /* empty */; } while (0)
# else
#  if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
#   include <stdlib.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
#   define YYSIZE_T size_t
#  endif
#  define YYSTACK_ALLOC malloc
#  define YYSTACK_FREE free
# endif
#endif /* ! defined (yyoverflow) || defined (YYERROR_VERBOSE) */

#if (! defined (yyoverflow) \
     && (! defined (__cplusplus) \
     || (YYLTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL && YYSTYPE_IS_TRIVIAL)))

/* A type that is properly aligned for any stack member.  */
union yyalloc
{
  short yyss;
  YYSTYPE yyvs;
# if YYLSP_NEEDED
  YYLTYPE yyls;
# endif
};

/* The size of the maximum gap between one aligned stack and the next.  */
# define YYSTACK_GAP_MAX (sizeof (union yyalloc) - 1)

/* The size of an array large to enough to hold all stacks, each with
   N elements.  */
# if YYLSP_NEEDED
#  define YYSTACK_BYTES(N) \
     ((N) * (sizeof (short) + sizeof (YYSTYPE) + sizeof (YYLTYPE))  \
      + 2 * YYSTACK_GAP_MAX)
# else
#  define YYSTACK_BYTES(N) \
     ((N) * (sizeof (short) + sizeof (YYSTYPE))             \
      + YYSTACK_GAP_MAX)
# endif

/* Copy COUNT objects from FROM to TO.  The source and destination do
   not overlap.  */
# ifndef YYCOPY
#  if 1 < __GNUC__
#   define YYCOPY(To, From, Count) \
      __builtin_memcpy (To, From, (Count) * sizeof (*(From)))
#  else
#   define YYCOPY(To, From, Count)      \
      do                    \
    {                   \
      register YYSIZE_T yyi;        \
      for (yyi = 0; yyi < (Count); yyi++)   \
        (To)[yyi] = (From)[yyi];        \
    }                   \
      while (0)
#  endif
# endif

/* Relocate STACK from its old location to the new one.  The
   local variables YYSIZE and YYSTACKSIZE give the old and new number of
   elements in the stack, and YYPTR gives the new location of the
   stack.  Advance YYPTR to a properly aligned location for the next
   stack.  */
# define YYSTACK_RELOCATE(Stack)                    \
    do                                  \
      {                                 \
    YYSIZE_T yynewbytes;                        \
    YYCOPY (&yyptr->Stack, Stack, yysize);              \
    Stack = &yyptr->Stack;                      \
    yynewbytes = yystacksize * sizeof (*Stack) + YYSTACK_GAP_MAX;   \
    yyptr += yynewbytes / sizeof (*yyptr);              \
      }                                 \
    while (0)

#endif

#if ! defined (YYSIZE_T) && defined (__SIZE_TYPE__)
# define YYSIZE_T __SIZE_TYPE__
#endif
#if ! defined (YYSIZE_T) && defined (size_t)
# define YYSIZE_T size_t
#endif
#if ! defined (YYSIZE_T)
# if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
#  include <stddef.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
#  define YYSIZE_T size_t
# endif
#endif
#if ! defined (YYSIZE_T)
# define YYSIZE_T unsigned int
#endif

#define yyerrok     (yyerrstatus = 0)
#define yyclearin   (yychar = YYEMPTY)
#define YYEMPTY     -2
#define YYEOF       0
#define YYACCEPT    goto yyacceptlab
#define YYABORT     goto yyabortlab
#define YYERROR     goto yyerrlab1
/* Like YYERROR except do call yyerror.  This remains here temporarily
   to ease the transition to the new meaning of YYERROR, for GCC.
   Once GCC version 2 has supplanted version 1, this can go.  */
#define YYFAIL      goto yyerrlab
#define YYRECOVERING()  (!!yyerrstatus)
#define YYBACKUP(Token, Value)                  \
do                              \
  if (yychar == YYEMPTY && yylen == 1)              \
    {                               \
      yychar = (Token);                     \
      yylval = (Value);                     \
      yychar1 = YYTRANSLATE (yychar);               \
      YYPOPSTACK;                       \
      goto yybackup;                        \
    }                               \
  else                              \
    {                               \
      yyerror ("syntax error: cannot back up");         \
      YYERROR;                          \
    }                               \
while (0)

#define YYTERROR    1
#define YYERRCODE   256

/* YYLLOC_DEFAULT -- Compute the default location (before the actions
   are run).

   When YYLLOC_DEFAULT is run, CURRENT is set the location of the
   first token.  By default, to implement support for ranges, extend
   its range to the last symbol.  */

#ifndef YYLLOC_DEFAULT
# define YYLLOC_DEFAULT(Current, Rhs, N)        \
   Current.last_line   = Rhs[N].last_line;  \
   Current.last_column = Rhs[N].last_column;
#endif

/* YYLEX -- calling `yylex' with the right arguments.  */

#if YYPURE
# if YYLSP_NEEDED
#  ifdef YYLEX_PARAM
#   define YYLEX        yylex (&yylval, &yylloc, YYLEX_PARAM)
#  else
#   define YYLEX        yylex (&yylval, &yylloc)
#  endif
# else /* !YYLSP_NEEDED */
#  ifdef YYLEX_PARAM
#   define YYLEX        yylex (&yylval, YYLEX_PARAM)
#  else
#   define YYLEX        yylex (&yylval)
#  endif
# endif /* !YYLSP_NEEDED */
#else /* !YYPURE */
# define YYLEX          yylex ()
#endif /* !YYPURE */

/* Enable debugging if requested.  */
#if YYDEBUG

# ifndef YYFPRINTF
#  include <stdio.h> /* INFRINGES ON USER NAME SPACE */
#  define YYFPRINTF fprintf
# endif

# define YYDPRINTF(Args)            \
do {                        \
  if (yydebug)                  \
    YYFPRINTF Args;             \
} while (0)
/* Nonzero means print parse trace.  It is left uninitialized so that
   multiple parsers can coexist.  */
int yydebug;
#else /* !YYDEBUG */
# define YYDPRINTF(Args)
#endif /* !YYDEBUG */

/* YYINITDEPTH -- initial size of the parser's stacks.  */
#ifndef YYINITDEPTH
# define YYINITDEPTH 200
#endif

/* YYMAXDEPTH -- maximum size the stacks can grow to (effective only
   if the built-in stack extension method is used).

   Do not make this value too large; the results are undefined if
   SIZE_MAX < YYSTACK_BYTES (YYMAXDEPTH)
   evaluated with infinite-precision integer arithmetic.  */

#if YYMAXDEPTH == 0
# undef YYMAXDEPTH
#endif

#ifndef YYMAXDEPTH
# define YYMAXDEPTH 10000
#endif

#ifdef YYERROR_VERBOSE

# ifndef yystrlen
#  if defined (__GLIBC__) && defined (_STRING_H)
#   define yystrlen strlen
#  else
/* Return the length of YYSTR.  */
static YYSIZE_T
#   if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
yystrlen (const char *yystr)
#   else
yystrlen (yystr)
     const char *yystr;
#   endif
{
  register const char *yys = yystr;

  while (*yys++ != '\0')
    continue;

  return yys - yystr - 1;
}
#  endif
# endif

# ifndef yystpcpy
#  if defined (__GLIBC__) && defined (_STRING_H) && defined (_GNU_SOURCE)
#   define yystpcpy stpcpy
#  else
/* Copy YYSRC to YYDEST, returning the address of the terminating '\0' in
   YYDEST.  */
static char *
#   if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
yystpcpy (char *yydest, const char *yysrc)
#   else
yystpcpy (yydest, yysrc)
     char *yydest;
     const char *yysrc;
#   endif
{
  register char *yyd = yydest;
  register const char *yys = yysrc;

  while ((*yyd++ = *yys++) != '\0')
    continue;

  return yyd - 1;
}
#  endif
# endif
#endif

#line 315 "/usr/local/share/bison/bison.simple"

/* The user can define YYPARSE_PARAM as the name of an argument to be passed
   into yyparse.  The argument should have type void *.
   It should actually point to an object.
   Grammar actions can access the variable by casting it
   to the proper pointer type.  */

#ifdef YYPARSE_PARAM
# if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
#  define YYPARSE_PARAM_ARG void *YYPARSE_PARAM
#  define YYPARSE_PARAM_DECL
# else
#  define YYPARSE_PARAM_ARG YYPARSE_PARAM
#  define YYPARSE_PARAM_DECL void *YYPARSE_PARAM;
# endif
#else /* !YYPARSE_PARAM */
# define YYPARSE_PARAM_ARG
# define YYPARSE_PARAM_DECL
#endif /* !YYPARSE_PARAM */

/* Prevent warning if -Wstrict-prototypes.  */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# ifdef YYPARSE_PARAM
int yyparse (void *);
# else
int yyparse (void);
# endif
#endif

/* YY_DECL_VARIABLES -- depending whether we use a pure parser,
   variables are global, or local to YYPARSE.  */

#define YY_DECL_NON_LSP_VARIABLES           \
/* The lookahead symbol.  */                \
int yychar;                     \
                            \
/* The semantic value of the lookahead symbol. */   \
YYSTYPE yylval;                     \
                            \
/* Number of parse errors so far.  */           \
int yynerrs;

#if YYLSP_NEEDED
# define YY_DECL_VARIABLES          \
YY_DECL_NON_LSP_VARIABLES           \
                        \
/* Location data for the lookahead symbol.  */  \
YYLTYPE yylloc;
#else
# define YY_DECL_VARIABLES          \
YY_DECL_NON_LSP_VARIABLES
#endif

/* If nonreentrant, generate the variables here. */

#if !YYPURE
YY_DECL_VARIABLES
#endif  /* !YYPURE */

int
yyparse (YYPARSE_PARAM_ARG)
     YYPARSE_PARAM_DECL
{
  /* If reentrant, generate the variables here. */
#if YYPURE
  YY_DECL_VARIABLES
#endif  /* !YYPURE */

  register int yystate;
  register int yyn;
  int yyresult;
  /* Number of tokens to shift before error messages enabled.  */
  int yyerrstatus;
  /* Lookahead token as an internal (translated) token number.  */
  int yychar1 = 0;

  /* Three stacks and their tools:
     `yyss': related to states,
     `yyvs': related to semantic values,
     `yyls': related to locations.

     Refer to the stacks thru separate pointers, to allow yyoverflow
     to reallocate them elsewhere.  */

  /* The state stack. */
  short yyssa[YYINITDEPTH];
  short *yyss = yyssa;
  register short *yyssp;

  /* The semantic value stack.  */
  YYSTYPE yyvsa[YYINITDEPTH];
  YYSTYPE *yyvs = yyvsa;
  register YYSTYPE *yyvsp;

#if YYLSP_NEEDED
  /* The location stack.  */
  YYLTYPE yylsa[YYINITDEPTH];
  YYLTYPE *yyls = yylsa;
  YYLTYPE *yylsp;
#endif

#if YYLSP_NEEDED
# define YYPOPSTACK   (yyvsp--, yyssp--, yylsp--)
#else
# define YYPOPSTACK   (yyvsp--, yyssp--)
#endif

  YYSIZE_T yystacksize = YYINITDEPTH;

  /* The variables used to return semantic value and location from the
     action routines.  */
  YYSTYPE yyval;
#if YYLSP_NEEDED
  YYLTYPE yyloc;
#endif

  /* When reducing, the number of symbols on the RHS of the reduced
     rule. */
  int yylen;

  YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Starting parse\n"));

  yystate = 0;
  yyerrstatus = 0;
  yynerrs = 0;
  yychar = YYEMPTY;     /* Cause a token to be read.  */

  /* Initialize stack pointers.
     Waste one element of value and location stack
     so that they stay on the same level as the state stack.
     The wasted elements are never initialized.  */

  yyssp = yyss;
  yyvsp = yyvs;
#if YYLSP_NEEDED
  yylsp = yyls;
#endif
  goto yysetstate;

/*------------------------------------------------------------.
| yynewstate -- Push a new state, which is found in yystate.  |
`------------------------------------------------------------*/
 yynewstate:
  /* In all cases, when you get here, the value and location stacks
     have just been pushed. so pushing a state here evens the stacks.
     */
  yyssp++;

 yysetstate:
  *yyssp = yystate;

  if (yyssp >= yyss + yystacksize - 1)
    {
      /* Get the current used size of the three stacks, in elements.  */
      YYSIZE_T yysize = yyssp - yyss + 1;

#ifdef yyoverflow
      {
    /* Give user a chance to reallocate the stack. Use copies of
       these so that the &'s don't force the real ones into
       memory.  */
    YYSTYPE *yyvs1 = yyvs;
    short *yyss1 = yyss;

    /* Each stack pointer address is followed by the size of the
       data in use in that stack, in bytes.  */
# if YYLSP_NEEDED
    YYLTYPE *yyls1 = yyls;
    /* This used to be a conditional around just the two extra args,
       but that might be undefined if yyoverflow is a macro.  */
    yyoverflow ("parser stack overflow",
            &yyss1, yysize * sizeof (*yyssp),
            &yyvs1, yysize * sizeof (*yyvsp),
            &yyls1, yysize * sizeof (*yylsp),
            &yystacksize);
    yyls = yyls1;
# else
    yyoverflow ("parser stack overflow",
            &yyss1, yysize * sizeof (*yyssp),
            &yyvs1, yysize * sizeof (*yyvsp),
            &yystacksize);
# endif
    yyss = yyss1;
    yyvs = yyvs1;
      }
#else /* no yyoverflow */
# ifndef YYSTACK_RELOCATE
      goto yyoverflowlab;
# else
      /* Extend the stack our own way.  */
      if (yystacksize >= YYMAXDEPTH)
    goto yyoverflowlab;
      yystacksize *= 2;
      if (yystacksize > YYMAXDEPTH)
    yystacksize = YYMAXDEPTH;

      {
    short *yyss1 = yyss;
    union yyalloc *yyptr =
      (union yyalloc *) YYSTACK_ALLOC (YYSTACK_BYTES (yystacksize));
    if (! yyptr)
      goto yyoverflowlab;
    YYSTACK_RELOCATE (yyss);
    YYSTACK_RELOCATE (yyvs);
# if YYLSP_NEEDED
    YYSTACK_RELOCATE (yyls);
# endif
# undef YYSTACK_RELOCATE
    if (yyss1 != yyssa)
      YYSTACK_FREE (yyss1);
      }
# endif
#endif /* no yyoverflow */

      yyssp = yyss + yysize - 1;
      yyvsp = yyvs + yysize - 1;
#if YYLSP_NEEDED
      yylsp = yyls + yysize - 1;
#endif

      YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Stack size increased to %lu\n",
          (unsigned long int) yystacksize));

      if (yyssp >= yyss + yystacksize - 1)
    YYABORT;
    }

  YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Entering state %d\n", yystate));

  goto yybackup;

/*-----------.
| yybackup.  |
`-----------*/
yybackup:

/* Do appropriate processing given the current state.  */
/* Read a lookahead token if we need one and don't already have one.  */
/* yyresume: */

  /* First try to decide what to do without reference to lookahead token.  */

  yyn = yypact[yystate];
  if (yyn == YYFLAG)
    goto yydefault;

  /* Not known => get a lookahead token if don't already have one.  */

  /* yychar is either YYEMPTY or YYEOF
     or a valid token in external form.  */

  if (yychar == YYEMPTY)
    {
      YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Reading a token: "));
      yychar = YYLEX;
    }

  /* Convert token to internal form (in yychar1) for indexing tables with */

  if (yychar <= 0)      /* This means end of input. */
    {
      yychar1 = 0;
      yychar = YYEOF;       /* Don't call YYLEX any more */

      YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Now at end of input.\n"));
    }
  else
    {
      yychar1 = YYTRANSLATE (yychar);

#if YYDEBUG
     /* We have to keep this `#if YYDEBUG', since we use variables
    which are defined only if `YYDEBUG' is set.  */
      if (yydebug)
    {
      YYFPRINTF (stderr, "Next token is %d (%s",
             yychar, yytname[yychar1]);
      /* Give the individual parser a way to print the precise
         meaning of a token, for further debugging info.  */
# ifdef YYPRINT
      YYPRINT (stderr, yychar, yylval);
# endif
      YYFPRINTF (stderr, ")\n");
    }
#endif
    }

  yyn += yychar1;
  if (yyn < 0 || yyn > YYLAST || yycheck[yyn] != yychar1)
    goto yydefault;

  yyn = yytable[yyn];

  /* yyn is what to do for this token type in this state.
     Negative => reduce, -yyn is rule number.
     Positive => shift, yyn is new state.
       New state is final state => don't bother to shift,
       just return success.
     0, or most negative number => error.  */

  if (yyn < 0)
    {
      if (yyn == YYFLAG)
    goto yyerrlab;
      yyn = -yyn;
      goto yyreduce;
    }
  else if (yyn == 0)
    goto yyerrlab;

  if (yyn == YYFINAL)
    YYACCEPT;

  /* Shift the lookahead token.  */
  YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Shifting token %d (%s), ",
          yychar, yytname[yychar1]));

  /* Discard the token being shifted unless it is eof.  */
  if (yychar != YYEOF)
    yychar = YYEMPTY;

  *++yyvsp = yylval;
#if YYLSP_NEEDED
  *++yylsp = yylloc;
#endif

  /* Count tokens shifted since error; after three, turn off error
     status.  */
  if (yyerrstatus)
    yyerrstatus--;

  yystate = yyn;
  goto yynewstate;

/*-----------------------------------------------------------.
| yydefault -- do the default action for the current state.  |
`-----------------------------------------------------------*/
yydefault:
  yyn = yydefact[yystate];
  if (yyn == 0)
    goto yyerrlab;
  goto yyreduce;

/*-----------------------------.
| yyreduce -- Do a reduction.  |
`-----------------------------*/
yyreduce:
  /* yyn is the number of a rule to reduce with.  */
  yylen = yyr2[yyn];

  /* If YYLEN is nonzero, implement the default value of the action:
     `$$ = $1'.

     Otherwise, the following line sets YYVAL to the semantic value of
     the lookahead token.  This behavior is undocumented and Bison
     users should not rely upon it.  Assigning to YYVAL
     unconditionally makes the parser a bit smaller, and it avoids a
     GCC warning that YYVAL may be used uninitialized.  */
  yyval = yyvsp[1-yylen];

#if YYLSP_NEEDED
  /* Similarly for the default location.  Let the user run additional
     commands if for instance locations are ranges.  */
  yyloc = yylsp[1-yylen];
  YYLLOC_DEFAULT (yyloc, (yylsp - yylen), yylen);
#endif

#if YYDEBUG
  /* We have to keep this `#if YYDEBUG', since we use variables which
     are defined only if `YYDEBUG' is set.  */
  if (yydebug)
    {
      int yyi;

      YYFPRINTF (stderr, "Reducing via rule %d (line %d), ",
         yyn, yyrline[yyn]);

      /* Print the symbols being reduced, and their result.  */
      for (yyi = yyprhs[yyn]; yyrhs[yyi] > 0; yyi++)
    YYFPRINTF (stderr, "%s ", yytname[yyrhs[yyi]]);
      YYFPRINTF (stderr, " -> %s\n", yytname[yyr1[yyn]]);
    }
#endif

  switch (yyn) {

case 1:
#line 175 "plural.y"
{
        if (yyvsp[0].exp == NULL)
          YYABORT;
        ((struct parse_args *) arg)->res = yyvsp[0].exp;
      }
    break;
case 2:
#line 183 "plural.y"
{
        yyval.exp = new_exp_3 (qmop, yyvsp[-4].exp, yyvsp[-2].exp, yyvsp[0].exp);
      }
    break;
case 3:
#line 187 "plural.y"
{
        yyval.exp = new_exp_2 (lor, yyvsp[-2].exp, yyvsp[0].exp);
      }
    break;
case 4:
#line 191 "plural.y"
{
        yyval.exp = new_exp_2 (land, yyvsp[-2].exp, yyvsp[0].exp);
      }
    break;
case 5:
#line 195 "plural.y"
{
        yyval.exp = new_exp_2 (yyvsp[-1].op, yyvsp[-2].exp, yyvsp[0].exp);
      }
    break;
case 6:
#line 199 "plural.y"
{
        yyval.exp = new_exp_2 (yyvsp[-1].op, yyvsp[-2].exp, yyvsp[0].exp);
      }
    break;
case 7:
#line 203 "plural.y"
{
        yyval.exp = new_exp_2 (yyvsp[-1].op, yyvsp[-2].exp, yyvsp[0].exp);
      }
    break;
case 8:
#line 207 "plural.y"
{
        yyval.exp = new_exp_2 (yyvsp[-1].op, yyvsp[-2].exp, yyvsp[0].exp);
      }
    break;
case 9:
#line 211 "plural.y"
{
        yyval.exp = new_exp_1 (lnot, yyvsp[0].exp);
      }
    break;
case 10:
#line 215 "plural.y"
{
        yyval.exp = new_exp_0 (var);
      }
    break;
case 11:
#line 219 "plural.y"
{
        if ((yyval.exp = new_exp_0 (num)) != NULL)
          yyval.exp->val.num = yyvsp[0].num;
      }
    break;
case 12:
#line 224 "plural.y"
{
        yyval.exp = yyvsp[-1].exp;
      }
    break;
}

#line 705 "/usr/local/share/bison/bison.simple"


  yyvsp -= yylen;
  yyssp -= yylen;
#if YYLSP_NEEDED
  yylsp -= yylen;
#endif

#if YYDEBUG
  if (yydebug)
    {
      short *yyssp1 = yyss - 1;
      YYFPRINTF (stderr, "state stack now");
      while (yyssp1 != yyssp)
    YYFPRINTF (stderr, " %d", *++yyssp1);
      YYFPRINTF (stderr, "\n");
    }
#endif

  *++yyvsp = yyval;
#if YYLSP_NEEDED
  *++yylsp = yyloc;
#endif

  /* Now `shift' the result of the reduction.  Determine what state
     that goes to, based on the state we popped back to and the rule
     number reduced by.  */

  yyn = yyr1[yyn];

  yystate = yypgoto[yyn - YYNTBASE] + *yyssp;
  if (yystate >= 0 && yystate <= YYLAST && yycheck[yystate] == *yyssp)
    yystate = yytable[yystate];
  else
    yystate = yydefgoto[yyn - YYNTBASE];

  goto yynewstate;

/*------------------------------------.
| yyerrlab -- here on detecting error |
`------------------------------------*/
yyerrlab:
  /* If not already recovering from an error, report this error.  */
  if (!yyerrstatus)
    {
      ++yynerrs;

#ifdef YYERROR_VERBOSE
      yyn = yypact[yystate];

      if (yyn > YYFLAG && yyn < YYLAST)
    {
      YYSIZE_T yysize = 0;
      char *yymsg;
      int yyx, yycount;

      yycount = 0;
      /* Start YYX at -YYN if negative to avoid negative indexes in
         YYCHECK.  */
      for (yyx = yyn < 0 ? -yyn : 0;
           yyx < (int) (sizeof (yytname) / sizeof (char *)); yyx++)
        if (yycheck[yyx + yyn] == yyx)
          yysize += yystrlen (yytname[yyx]) + 15, yycount++;
      yysize += yystrlen ("parse error, unexpected ") + 1;
      yysize += yystrlen (yytname[YYTRANSLATE (yychar)]);
      yymsg = (char *) YYSTACK_ALLOC (yysize);
      if (yymsg != 0)
        {
          char *yyp = yystpcpy (yymsg, "parse error, unexpected ");
          yyp = yystpcpy (yyp, yytname[YYTRANSLATE (yychar)]);

          if (yycount < 5)
        {
          yycount = 0;
          for (yyx = yyn < 0 ? -yyn : 0;
               yyx < (int) (sizeof (yytname) / sizeof (char *));
               yyx++)
            if (yycheck[yyx + yyn] == yyx)
              {
            const char *yyq = ! yycount ? ", expecting " : " or ";
            yyp = yystpcpy (yyp, yyq);
            yyp = yystpcpy (yyp, yytname[yyx]);
            yycount++;
              }
        }
          yyerror (yymsg);
          YYSTACK_FREE (yymsg);
        }
      else
        yyerror ("parse error; also virtual memory exhausted");
    }
      else
#endif /* defined (YYERROR_VERBOSE) */
    yyerror ("parse error");
    }
  goto yyerrlab1;

/*--------------------------------------------------.
| yyerrlab1 -- error raised explicitly by an action |
`--------------------------------------------------*/
yyerrlab1:
  if (yyerrstatus == 3)
    {
      /* If just tried and failed to reuse lookahead token after an
     error, discard it.  */

      /* return failure if at end of input */
      if (yychar == YYEOF)
    YYABORT;
      YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Discarding token %d (%s).\n",
          yychar, yytname[yychar1]));
      yychar = YYEMPTY;
    }

  /* Else will try to reuse lookahead token after shifting the error
     token.  */

  yyerrstatus = 3;      /* Each real token shifted decrements this */

  goto yyerrhandle;

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------.
| yyerrdefault -- current state does not do anything special for the |
| error token.                                                       |
`-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
yyerrdefault:
#if 0
  /* This is wrong; only states that explicitly want error tokens
     should shift them.  */

  /* If its default is to accept any token, ok.  Otherwise pop it.  */
  yyn = yydefact[yystate];
  if (yyn)
    goto yydefault;
#endif

/*---------------------------------------------------------------.
| yyerrpop -- pop the current state because it cannot handle the |
| error token                                                    |
`---------------------------------------------------------------*/
yyerrpop:
  if (yyssp == yyss)
    YYABORT;
  yyvsp--;
  yystate = *--yyssp;
#if YYLSP_NEEDED
  yylsp--;
#endif

#if YYDEBUG
  if (yydebug)
    {
      short *yyssp1 = yyss - 1;
      YYFPRINTF (stderr, "Error: state stack now");
      while (yyssp1 != yyssp)
    YYFPRINTF (stderr, " %d", *++yyssp1);
      YYFPRINTF (stderr, "\n");
    }
#endif

/*--------------.
| yyerrhandle.  |
`--------------*/
yyerrhandle:
  yyn = yypact[yystate];
  if (yyn == YYFLAG)
    goto yyerrdefault;

  yyn += YYTERROR;
  if (yyn < 0 || yyn > YYLAST || yycheck[yyn] != YYTERROR)
    goto yyerrdefault;

  yyn = yytable[yyn];
  if (yyn < 0)
    {
      if (yyn == YYFLAG)
    goto yyerrpop;
      yyn = -yyn;
      goto yyreduce;
    }
  else if (yyn == 0)
    goto yyerrpop;

  if (yyn == YYFINAL)
    YYACCEPT;

  YYDPRINTF ((stderr, "Shifting error token, "));

  *++yyvsp = yylval;
#if YYLSP_NEEDED
  *++yylsp = yylloc;
#endif

  yystate = yyn;
  goto yynewstate;

/*-------------------------------------.
| yyacceptlab -- YYACCEPT comes here.  |
`-------------------------------------*/
yyacceptlab:
  yyresult = 0;
  goto yyreturn;

/*-----------------------------------.
| yyabortlab -- YYABORT comes here.  |
`-----------------------------------*/
yyabortlab:
  yyresult = 1;
  goto yyreturn;

/*---------------------------------------------.
| yyoverflowab -- parser overflow comes here.  |
`---------------------------------------------*/
yyoverflowlab:
  yyerror ("parser stack overflow");
  yyresult = 2;
  /* Fall through.  */

yyreturn:
#ifndef yyoverflow
  if (yyss != yyssa)
    YYSTACK_FREE (yyss);
#endif
  return yyresult;
}
#line 229 "plural.y"

void
internal_function
FREE_EXPRESSION (exp)
     struct expression *exp;
{
  if (exp == NULL)
    return;

  /* Handle the recursive case.  */
  switch (exp->nargs)
    {
    case 3:
      FREE_EXPRESSION (exp->val.args[2]);
      /* FALLTHROUGH */
    case 2:
      FREE_EXPRESSION (exp->val.args[1]);
      /* FALLTHROUGH */
    case 1:
      FREE_EXPRESSION (exp->val.args[0]);
      /* FALLTHROUGH */
    default:
      break;
    }

  free (exp);
}

static int
yylex (lval, pexp)
     YYSTYPE *lval;
     const char **pexp;
{
  const char *exp = *pexp;
  int result;

  while (1)
    {
      if (exp[0] == '\0')
    {
      *pexp = exp;
      return YYEOF;
    }

      if (exp[0] != ' ' && exp[0] != '\t')
    break;

      ++exp;
    }

  result = *exp++;
  switch (result)
    {
    case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
    case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
      {
    unsigned long int n = result - '0';
    while (exp[0] >= '0' && exp[0] <= '9')
      {
        n *= 10;
        n += exp[0] - '0';
        ++exp;
      }
    lval->num = n;
    result = NUMBER;
      }
      break;

    case '=':
      if (exp[0] == '=')
    {
      ++exp;
      lval->op = equal;
      result = EQUOP2;
    }
      else
    result = YYERRCODE;
      break;

    case '!':
      if (exp[0] == '=')
    {
      ++exp;
      lval->op = not_equal;
      result = EQUOP2;
    }
      break;

    case '&':
    case '|':
      if (exp[0] == result)
    ++exp;
      else
    result = YYERRCODE;
      break;

    case '<':
      if (exp[0] == '=')
    {
      ++exp;
      lval->op = less_or_equal;
    }
      else
    lval->op = less_than;
      result = CMPOP2;
      break;

    case '>':
      if (exp[0] == '=')
    {
      ++exp;
      lval->op = greater_or_equal;
    }
      else
    lval->op = greater_than;
      result = CMPOP2;
      break;

    case '*':
      lval->op = mult;
      result = MULOP2;
      break;

    case '/':
      lval->op = divide;
      result = MULOP2;
      break;

    case '%':
      lval->op = module;
      result = MULOP2;
      break;

    case '+':
      lval->op = plus;
      result = ADDOP2;
      break;

    case '-':
      lval->op = minus;
      result = ADDOP2;
      break;

    case 'n':
    case '?':
    case ':':
    case '(':
    case ')':
      /* Nothing, just return the character.  */
      break;

    case ';':
    case '\n':
    case '\0':
      /* Be safe and let the user call this function again.  */
      --exp;
      result = YYEOF;
      break;

    default:
      result = YYERRCODE;
#if YYDEBUG != 0
      --exp;
#endif
      break;
    }

  *pexp = exp;

  return result;
}

static void
yyerror (str)
     const char *str;
{
  /* Do nothing.  We don't print error messages here.  */
}

[jim-wilson]

libintl is used only if NLS is enabled. This allows warnings/errors to be emitted in languages other than English. If you don't need this feature, you can disable it with --disable-nls when configuring.

Normally, binutils will use the libintl that comes with the OS. It will only build the self contained one if the OS one is missing. So installing the OS package for libintl if you are on linux will solve the problem, as then you won't need to build libintl anymore. The package name will depend on the OS, and could be libgettext or libintl or something else.

The binutils sources come with a plural.c file. There is no need to run bison, and normally, bison will not be run when building libintl. Bison will be run only if the plural.y file is newer than the provided plural.c file. If bison is run, the resulting plural.c will be put in the build dir. You are looking at the plural.c in the source dir which was not used by the compile, which is why the error messages don't make any sense. Look at the plural.c in the build dir to see the problem. And the problem is that the included libintl was built using an old bison version 1.35, and you probably have something newer like 3.0.4, which the included libintl does not work correctly with. The easiest way to fix this problem is to delete the plural.c file in the build tree and touch the plural.c file in the source tree, so that bison won't be run during the build.

The upstream FSF Binutils sources still have this bug. The FSF Binutils maintainers probably haven't seen this problem yet because a number of things have to go wrong to trigger it. Timestamps in your source tree must be wrong, the OS libintl package must not be installed, and you must have NLS support enabled when configuring. Since this is a not a riscv bug, but rather a FSF bug, it should be reported upstream. http://sourceware.org/binutils Would you like to do that? I can do that if you don't want to.

[teamblubee]

That was a pretty interesting bug that I was able to dig up. I was able to resolve it by installing the local gettext and associated runtimes.

It might be worth while to report the problem upstream as well.

After making those changes the make command run for a lot longer but still fails looking for libexpat?

rm -rf stamps/build-binutils-newlib build-binutils-newlib
mkdir build-binutils-newlib
cd build-binutils-newlib && CC_FOR_TARGET=riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc /usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-binutils-gdb/configure \
    --target=riscv64-unknown-elf \
     \
    --prefix=/home/blubee/dev/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain/_gnu_toolchain \
     \
    --disable-werror \
    --with-expat=yes  \
    --enable-gdb
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-freebsd12.0
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-freebsd12.0
checking target system type... riscv64-unknown-elf
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether ln works... yes
checking whether ln -s works... yes
...
checking whether to use expat... yes
checking for libexpat... no
gmake[2]: Leaving directory '/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain/build-binutils-newlib'
gmake[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain/build-binutils-newlib'

full log here: https://pastebin.com/VHZengET

I have the software package installed and this error?

[jim-wilson]

Gdb is actually checking for the libexpat development libraries, which is probably something like libexpat-dev or -devel. Maybe you have the application installed, or the run-time libraries but not the compile-time libraries and header files. You can see what configure is doing by looking at the gdb/config.log file, just search for expat, and you should see a failing command, probably a command trying to link with -lexpat.

Gdb requires expat to use the OpenOCD XML support. If you aren't using OpenOCD, you can modify the Makefile to disable expat support.

[jim-wilson]

I found that there is already an upstream bug report for the intl problem. https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=22941

[teamblubee]

I found the definition for --with-expat in the riscv-gnu-toolchain/Makefile

# --with-expat is required to enable XML support used by OpenOCD.
# BINUTILS_GDB_TARGET_FLAGS := --with-expat=yes $(BINUTILS_GDB_TARGET_FLAGS_EXTRA)
BINUTILS_GDB_TARGET_FLAGS := $(BINUTILS_GDB_TARGET_FLAGS_EXTRA)

I commented out the --with-expat line and the build proceeds but it stalls much later in the process.

there's a file in the riscv-gcc/contrib/download_prerequisites, that tries to grab some files; it downloads gmp-6.1.0 but my system has gmp-6.1.2 installed already.

gmake[2]: Nothing to be done for 'install-target'.
gmake[2]: Leaving directory '/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain/build-binutils-newlib'
gmake[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain/build-binutils-newlib'
mkdir -p stamps/ && touch stamps/build-binutils-newlib
if test -f /usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-gcc/contrib/download_prerequisites && test "true" == "true"; then cd /usr/home/blubee/dev/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-gcc && ./contrib/download_prerequisites; fi
2018-03-10 10:19:00 URL: ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2 [2383840] -> "./gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2" [1]
./contrib/download_prerequisites: sha512sum: not found
error: Cannot verify integrity of possibly corrupted file gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2
gmake: *** [Makefile:349: stamps/build-gcc-newlib-stage1] Error 1

If gmp is not being found I bet it will be the same for mpfr mpc as well. They were all installed when GCC was installed.

Can I set some env variables to tell this configure script where to find gmp, re-running the configure script to check I see

checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... cc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether cc accepts -g... yes
checking for cc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for fgrep... /usr/bin/grep -F
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... (cached) /usr/bin/grep
checking for bash... /usr/local/bin/bash
checking for __gmpz_init in -lgmp... no
checking for mpfr_init in -lmpfr... no
checking for mpc_init2 in -lmpc... no
checking for curl... /usr/local/bin/curl
checking for wget... /usr/local/bin/wget
checking for ftp... /usr/bin/ftp
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating scripts/wrapper/awk/awk
config.status: creating scripts/wrapper/sed/sed

notice gmp, mpfr, mpc and even gcc all show no... Why?

[jim-wilson]

Yes, this is another prerequisites issue. You need the development packages that contain header files and link-time libraries in /usr/lib. You probably only have the run-time libraries in /lib. The compile/link time files and the run-time files are usually separate packages in most linux distros. GCC requires the gmp, mpc, and mpfr development packages. The riscv-gnu-toolchain README.md file has suggested commands to install missing packages for ubuntu and fedora. The riscv-gnu-toolchain makefile has support to try to download sources for these packages if they are missing, and then build them as part of the gcc build, but this part failed for you because sha512sum is missing. You can try installing the missing development library packages, or you could try installing the missing sha*sum programs.

[teamblubee]

Hi

Thank you for your help, I made a few edits and was able to successfully compile the binutils.

After compilation finished I have these in the $PREFIX/bin directory

ls toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-*
toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-addr2line  toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc-ar     toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-nm
toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-ar         toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc-nm     toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-objcopy
toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-as         toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc-ranlib toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-objdump
toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-c++        toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcov       toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-ranlib
toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-c++filt    toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcov-dump  toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-readelf
toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-cpp        toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcov-tool  toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-run
toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-elfedit    toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gdb        toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-size
toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-g++        toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gprof      toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-strings
toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc        toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-ld         toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-strip
toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc-7.2.0  toolchain/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-ld.bfd

I had to make these few changes; This first one doesn't affect anything and expands the script to use FreeBSD shasum.

./riscv_gnu_toolchain/riscv-gcc/contrib/download_prerequisites

diff --git a/contrib/download_prerequisites b/contrib/download_prerequisites
index 3430ce1f19e..36118400ebe 100755
--- a/contrib/download_prerequisites
+++ b/contrib/download_prerequisites
@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ case $OS in
   "Darwin")
     chksum='shasum -a 512 --check'
   ;;
+  "FreeBSD")
+    chksum='shasum -a 512'
+  ;;
   *)
     chksum='sha512sum --check'
   ;;

This other patch most likely breaks OpenOCD since that's what the comment says but I couldn't find a way to make it work.

./riscv_gnu_toolchain/makefile.in

diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in
index f6f78f3..de35a00 100644
--- a/Makefile.in
+++ b/Makefile.in
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ NEWLIB_TUPLE ?= $(call make_tuple,$(XLEN),elf)
 CFLAGS_FOR_TARGET := $(CFLAGS_FOR_TARGET_EXTRA) @cmodel@
 ASFLAGS_FOR_TARGET := $(ASFLAGS_FOR_TARGET_EXTRA) @cmodel@
 # --with-expat is required to enable XML support used by OpenOCD.
-BINUTILS_GDB_TARGET_FLAGS := --with-expat=yes $(BINUTILS_GDB_TARGET_FLAGS_EXTRA)
+BINUTILS_GDB_TARGET_FLAGS := --with-expat=no $(BINUTILS_GDB_TARGET_FLAGS_EXTRA)
 BINUTILS_GDB_NATIVE_FLAGS := $(BINUTILS_GDB_NATIVE_FLAGS_EXTRA)
 GLIBC_TARGET_FLAGS := $(GLIBC_TARGET_FLAGS_EXTRA)
 GLIBC_CC_FOR_TARGET ?= $(LINUX_TUPLE)-gcc