Changes to Existing GElib Types

[rwkeane]

This PR:

• Fixes various typos / minor bugs / similar in existing python code.
• Adds some type hints through the existing code. More would be better, but this is focused on the files I touched.
• Added a few new functions with "style" similar to existing functions (e.g. a ones() function and various getters).
• Made some performance improvements (e.g. switching throwing errors for assertions)
• Other minor things