Draft ES and wire up to interfaces

Create energy system model (ES), aggregated to entire ABW region
Make it work with the interfaces (the general workflow (UI -> backend -> UI) is outlined in #8)

You may wanna start by using the oemof-B3 model as it includes most of the components below. Maybe we can make use of the same structure.

(components I expect to be made variable through the app are marked bold)

buses: electricity, decentral heat, central heat
feedin
- fixed
- electricity
  - wind, PV roof, PV ground, bioenergy (UI setting for all: nominal power, use normalized feedin timeseries for all)
- dispatched
- electricity
  - import/shortage
- electricity/heat
  - CCGT, small CHP
- heat
  - other sources (wood, gas, ...)
transformers
- electricity -> heat
- decentral: heat pumps (maybe differentiate between ground- and air-sourced) (UI setting: share of HP in heating systems)
- central: boilers or heat pumps (UI setting: ?)
demand
- fixed
- electricity
  - emobility (UI setting: share of EV), demand HH (UI setting: energy saving), demand CTSA (commerce, trade, services, agriculture) (UI setting: energy saving), demand industry (UI setting: energy saving)
- heat
  - demand HH (UI setting: energy saving or refurbishment rate), demand CTSA (UI setting: energy saving or refurbishment rate), demand industry (UI setting: energy saving)
storages
- large scale batteries (UI setting: nominal capacity or something more comprehensible)
- decentral heat storages (UI setting: nominal capacity or something more comprehensible)
- central heat storages (UI setting: nominal capacity or something more comprehensible)

Notes

For the other commodities (wood, gas, ..) needed for heating please check if we need additional buses and sources or if we can simplify this by using a shortage source (emissions need to be considered).
In this approach, flexibility can be freely used (e.g. heat storages of municipality 1 by municipality 2) disgegarding the actual location (or exchange capacity) which leads to a significant overestimation of flexibility. Maybe you have ideas on how to cope with or quantify this without blowing up the model too much? How has this been done in oemof-B3 which used a 2-node system?

Some material

Old model can be found here
Extended model for WindNODE here which includes electricity, central and decentral heat (model graph see here)

Please drop me a note if something remains unclear.

rl-institut / digiplan