Shell

[rogerxu]

• Bash
• zsh
• Fish

[rogerxu]

jlevy/the-art-of-command-line: Master the command line, in one page

打造高效的工作环境 – Shell 篇 | 酷 壳 - CoolShell

alebcay/awesome-shell: A curated list of awesome command-line frameworks, toolkits, guides and gizmos. Inspired by awesome-php. (github.com)

explainshell.com - match command-line arguments to their help text

What is difference between bash, zsh, tcsh, sh etc.? Which one should I use? - Quora

Unix Shells - csh, ksh, bash, zsh, ...

$ cat /etc/shells
/bin/bash
/bin/csh
/bin/dash
/bin/ksh
/bin/sh
/bin/tcsh
/bin/zsh

$ chsh -s $(which zsh)

$ echo $SHELL
/bin/zsh

[rogerxu]

Bash

The Bash Guide

Bash Reference Manual (gnu.org)

Idnan/bash-guide: A guide to learn bash (github.com)

Bash on Windows

How to Install and Use the Linux Bash Shell on Windows 10

1. Go to Update & Security > For Developers. Activate the “Developer Mode” switch here to enable Developer Mode.
2. Open the Control Panel, click “Programs” and click “Turn Windows Features On or Off” under Programs and Features. Enable the “Windows Subsystem for Linux (Beta)” option in the list here and click “OK”.
3. Reboot your computer. Click the Start button (or press the Windows key), type “bash”, and press “Enter”.
4. The first time you run the bash.exe file, you’ll be prompted to accept the terms of service. The command will then download the “Bash on Ubuntu on Windows” application from the Windows Store. You’ll be asked to create a user account and password for use in the Bash environment.

Shell Syntax

Quoting

You should use "double quotes" for any argument that contains expansions (such as $variable or $(command) expansions) and 'single quotes' for any other arguments. Single quotes make sure that everything in the quotes remains literal, while double quotes still allow some bash syntax such as expansions.

$ rm "/home/$username"

Shell Commands

Reserved Words

• if
• then
• elif
• else
• fi
• time
• until
• done
• esac
• coproc
• select

Pipelines

The format of a pipeline is

[time [-p]] [!] command1 [ | or |& command2 ] …

If |& is used, command1’s standard error, in addition to its standard output, is connected to command2’s standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for 2>&1 |. This implicit redirection of the standard error to the standard output is performed after any redirections specified by the command.

time -p ! rm greeting.txt

Lists of Commands

A list is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the operators ;, &, &&, or ||, and optionally terminated by one of ;, &, or a newline.

rm hello.txt || echo "Couldn't delete file." >&2

Compound Commands

Looping Constructs

循环 - Bash 脚本教程 - 网道 (wangdoc.com)

until

until test-commands; do
  consequent-commands;
done

while

while test-commands; do
  consequent-commands;
done

for

for name in words;
do
  commands;
done

for (( initialisation ; ending-condition ; update ));
do
  commands;
done

for x := 1 to 10 do
begin
  commands
end

Conditional Constructs

Conditional Constructs (Bash Reference Manual) (gnu.org)

if

if test-commands; then
  consequent-commands;
elif more-test-commands; then
  more-consequents;
else alternate-consequents;
fi

if ! rm hello.txt; then echo "Couldn't delete file" >&2; exit 1; fi
rm hello.txt || { echo "Couldn't delete file" >&2; exit 1; }

case

case word in
  pattern1 | pattern2 ) command-list;;
  pattern3 | pattern4 ) command-list;;
  *) command-list;;
esac

select

select name in words;
do
  commands;
done

((...))

(( expression ))

[[...]]

Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional expression.

[[ expression ]]

Grouping Commands

()

( list )

Placing a list of commands between parentheses causes a subshell environment to be created, and each of the commands in list to be executed in that subshell. Since the list is executed in a subshell, variable assignments do not remain in effect after the subshell completes.

{}

{ list; }

Placing a list of commands between curly braces causes the list to be executed in the current shell context. No subshell is created. The semicolon (or newline) following list is required.

Coprocesses

A coprocess is some more bash syntax sugar: it allows you to easily run a command asynchronously and also set up some new file descriptor plugs that connect directly to the new command's input and output.

coproc NAME command redirections

When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable named NAME in the context of the executing shell. The standard output of command is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned to NAME[0]. The standard input of command is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned to NAME[1]. This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the command. The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using standard word expansions.

coproc auth { tail -n1 -f /var/log/auth.log; }
read latestAuth <&"${auth[0]}"
echo "Latest authentication attempt: $latestAuth"

Shell Functions

Bash 函数 - Bash 脚本教程 - 网道 (wangdoc.com)

#!/bin/bash

function say() {
  echo $1
}

say "Hi!"

exists() { [[ -x $(type -P "$1" 2>/dev/null) ]]; }
exists gpg || echo "Please install GPG" <&2

The parentheses should always be empty.

Shell Parameters

name=value

Positional Parameters

• $1
• ${1}
• ${10}

Special Parameters

Special Parameters - Bash Reference Manual

• $* - Expands to the positional parameters, starting from 1. - "$1 $2..."
• $@ - Expands to the positional parameters, starting from 1. - "$1" "$2"
• $# - Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
• $? - Expands to the exist status of the most recently executed foreground pipeline
• $- - Expands to the current option flags.
• $$ - Expands to the process ID of the shell.
• $! - Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed into the background.
• $0 - Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.

Shell Expansions

Brace Expansion

$ echo a{d,c,b}e
ade ace abe

Tilde Expansion

• ~ - The value of $HOME
• ~/foo - $HOME/foo
• ~fred/foo - /home/fred/foo
• ~+/foo - $PWD/foo
• ~-/foo - ${OLDPWD-'~-'}/foo
• ~2 - dirs +2
• ~+2 - dirs +2
• ~-2 - dirs -2

Shell Parameter Expansion

indirect expansion

$ myvar=USER
$ echo ${!myvar}
rogerxu

• ${parameter}
• ${parameter:-word} - the default value is the expansion of word
• ${parameter:=word} - the default value is assigned as the expansion of word
• ${parameter:?word} - default output the expansion of word to the console
• ${parameter:+word} - if parameter is not empty, replace with the expansion of word
• ${parameter:offset} - Substring Expansion. The substring of the value starting at the offset and extending to the end of the value.
• ${parameter:offset:length}
  • ${parameter: -offset:length} - A negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion.
• ${#parameter} - The length of parameter
• ${parameter#word} - Remove the beginning of the value for the matched pattern
• ${parameter##word} - Remove the beginning of the value for the matched pattern
• ${parameter%word} - Remove the end of the value for the matched pattern
• ${parameter%%word} - Remove the end of the value for the matched pattern
• ${parameter/pattern/string} - Replace the matched pattern (e.g., begins with # or %) with string
• ${parameter@operator}
  • U - convert to uppercase
  • u - first character convert to uppercase
  • L - convert to lowercase
  • Q - quoted
  • E - backslash escape
  • P - prompt string
  • A - recreate parameter with its attributes and value
  • K - quoted version of the value
  • a - flag values representing parameter's attributes

Command Substitution

$(command)

`command`

Arithmetic Expansion

$(( expression ))

Process Substitution

<(list)

>(list)

Filename Expansion

• *
• ?
• [...]

Redirections

Input Output & Error Redirection in Linux [Beginner's Guide]

• Standard input (stdin) is the source of input data. By default, stdin is any text entered from the keyboard. It’s stream ID is 0.
• Standard output (stdout) is the outcome of command. By default, it is displayed on the screen. It’s stream ID is 1.
• Standard error (stderr) is the error message (if any) produced by the commands. By default, stderr is also displayed on the screen. It’s stream ID is 2.

Redirecting Input

<file

Read line from "file.txt" to FD 0.

$ read line <file.txt

Redirecting Output

>file

Redirect FD 1 to the file "myfile.txt" and FD 2 to the file "/dev/null".

$ ls -l a b >myfile.txt 2>/dev/null

Appending Redirected Output

>>file

Append to "file.txt"

$ echo hello >>file.txt

Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error

&>file

Duplicate file descriptors. Make FD 2 write to where FD 1 is writing.

$ ls -l a b >myfile.txt 2>&1
$ ls -l a b &>myfile.txt

Appending Standard Output and Standard Error

&>>file

$ ls -l a b &>>myfile.txt

Here Documents

<<delimiter
here-document
delimiter

Make FD 0 (standard input) read from the string between the delimiters.

cat <<.We choose . as the end delimiter.
Hello world.
Since I started learning bash, you suddenly seem so much bigger than you were before.
.

Remove leading tab characters

<<-delimiter
here-document
delimiter

Here String

<<< string

Make FD 0 (standard input) read from the string.

$ cat <<< "Hello
World"
Hello
World

Duplicating File Descriptors

Copy FD y to FD x

x<&y
x>&y

Close FD x

x<&-
x>&-

Duplicate FD 1 to FD 3

exec 3>&1 >mylog; echo moo; exec 1>&3 3>&-

Moving File Descriptors

Move FD y to FD x and close FD y.

x<&y-
x>&y-

Replace FD x with FD y.

exec 3>&1- >mylog; echo moo; exec >&3-

Opening FD for Reading and Writing

n<>file

Shell Scripts

Bash 脚本入门 - Bash 脚本教程 - 网道 (wangdoc.com)

Minimal safe Bash script template | Better Dev

#!/usr/bin/env bash

Shell Built-in Commands

Bourne Shell Builtins

cd

exec

export

pwd

test

umask

unset

Bash Builtins

alias

command

$ command -V z
z is an alias for _z 2>&1

declare

echo

help

printf

source

source filename

type

You can find out whether a command is an executable, shell builtin or an alias by using type command.

$ type ls
ls is an alias for ls --color=tty

$ type cd
cd is a shell builtin

$ type cat
cat is /bin/cat

unalias

Modify Shell Behavior

set

The Set Builtin (Bash Reference Manual) (gnu.org)

set allows you to change the values of shell options and set the positional parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables.

Display the names and values of all shell variables and functions.

set

Set shell attributes

set -o option-name

Print shell input lines as they are read.

set -v
set -o verbose

Export each variable or function.

set -a
set -o allexport

Exit if unset variables

set -u
set -o nounset

Exit immediately if a pipeline returns a non-zero status.

set -e
set -o errexit

Print a trace of commands before they are executed.

set -x
set -o xtrace

Read commands but do not execute them. It is used to check a script for syntax errors.

set -n
set -o noexec

shopt

The Shopt Builtin (Bash Reference Manual) (gnu.org)

shopt allows you to change additional shell ooptioal behavior.

Shell Variables

Bourne Shell Variables

• HOME
• IFS
• PATH
• PS1 - The primary prompt string. The default value is "\s-\v\$".
• PS2 - The secondary prompt string. The default value is ">".

Bash Variables

• ENV
• HOSTNAME
• LANG
• LC_ALL
• PS0
• PS4 - When the -x option is set, printed before the command line. The default value is "+".
• PWD
• RANDOM - Random integer between 0 and 32767.
• SHELL
• SHELLOPTS
• TMPDIR
• UID

Bash Conditional Expressions

Bash Conditional Expressions (Bash Reference Manual) (gnu.org)

Conditional expressions are used by the [[ compound command and the test and [ builtin commands. The test and [ commands determine their behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of those commands for any other command-specific actions.

When used with [[, the ‘<’ and ‘>’ operators sort lexicographically using the current locale. The test command uses ASCII ordering.

string

• -n string - True if the length of string is non-zero.
• -z string - True if the length of string is zero.

file

• -a file - True if file exists.
• -d file - True if file exists and is a directory.
• -e file - True if file exists.
• -f file - True if file exists and is a regular file.
• -r file - True if file exists and is readable.
• -s file - True if file exists and has a size greater than zero.
• -x file - True if file exists and has execute permission.

Arrays

数组 - Bash 脚本教程 - 网道 (wangdoc.com)

Declare an array

declare -a name

Declare an associative array

declare -A name

Assign array

name=(value1 value2 value3)

Read one member

${array[i]}

Read all members

${array[@]}

$ names=( foo "hello world" bar )
$ for name in "${names[@]}"; do echo "$name"; done
foo
hello world
bar

Read default value (0)

${array} is same as ${array[0]}

Length

${#array[@]}

Slice

${array[@]:position:length}

Delete member

unset array[i]

Clear

unset array

Directory Stack

Directory Stack Builtins (Bash Reference Manual) (gnu.org)

目录堆栈 - Bash 脚本教程 - 网道 (wangdoc.com)

dirs

popd

pushd

Startup

Bash 启动环境 - Bash 脚本教程 - 网道 (wangdoc.com)

Prompt

Controlling the Prompt (Bash Reference Manual) (gnu.org)

命令提示符 - Bash 脚本教程 - 网道 (wangdoc.com)

PROMPT_COMMAND

Command Line Editing

8 Command Line Editing - Bash Reference Manual

Bash 行操作 - Bash 脚本教程 - 网道 (wangdoc.com)

Shortcuts to move faster in Bash command line - teohm

Character

• Ctrl+B - move back one character
• Ctrl+F - move forward one character
• Ctrl+D - delete current character
• Ctrl+T - transpose character

Word

• Alt+B - move back one word
• Alt+F - move forward one word
• Alt+D - delete to the end of the current word
• Alt+Backspace - delete to the start of the current word
• Ctrl+W - delete to previous whitespace
• Alt+T - transpose word
• Alt+U - uppercase word
• Alt+L - lowercase word
• Alt+C - capitalize word

Line

• Ctrl+A - move to the start of the line
• Ctrl+E - move to the end of the line
• Ctrl+U - delete to the start of the line
• Ctrl+K - delete to the end of the line

Paste

• Ctrl+Y - paste
• Alt+Y - paste pop

Search

• Ctrl+R - reverse search history
• Ctrl+S - forward search history
• Ctrl+J - end the search
• Ctrl+G - abort the search and restore the original line

Undo

• Ctrl+_ - undo
• Alt+R - revert line

Completion

Bash Reference Manual: Commands For Completion

• Alt+? - possible completions
• Alt+/ - complete filename
• Ctrl+X / - possible filename completions
• Alt+~ - complete username
• Ctrl+X ~ - possible username completions
• Alt+$ - complete variable
• Ctrl+X $ - possible variable completions
• kbd>Alt</kbd>+<kbd>@</kbd - complete hostname
• Ctrl+X kbd>@</kbd - possible hostname completions
• Alt+! - complete command
• Ctrl+X ! - possible command completions

PATH

$ type echo
echo is a shell builtin
echo is /usr/bin/echo
echo is /bin/echo

Bash only performs a PATH search on command names that do not contain a / character. Command names with a slash are always considered direct pathnames to the program to execute.

[rogerxu]

zsh

$ sudo apt install zsh
$ zsh --version

Oh My Zsh

Oh My Zsh

git

$ sudo apt install git
$ git --version

wget

sh -c "$(wget -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

curl

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

终极 Shell——ZSH

oh-my-zsh,最好用的shell,没有之一

DevOps的利器 - zsh，了解一下？

Configuration

Append the following instruction to hide the terminal context.

.zshrc

path=(~/.cargo/bin $path)

prompt_context(){}

Theme

ZSH_THEME="agnoster"

powerlevel10k

romkatv/powerlevel10k: A Zsh theme (github.com)

ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"

$ p10k configure

.p10k.zsh

Fix for Visual Studio Code Shell Integration

.zshrc

if [[ "$TERM_PROGRAM" == "vscode" ]]; then
  ITERM_SHELL_INTEGRATION_INSTALLED="Yes"
fi

# To customize prompt, run `p10k configure` or edit ~/.p10k.zsh.
[[ ! -f ~/.p10k.zsh ]] || source ~/.p10k.zsh

Fonts

MacOS X + oh my zsh + powerline fonts + visual studio code terminal settings (github.com)

brew tap homebrew/cask-fonts

Nerd Fonts

Nerd Fonts - Iconic font aggregator, glyphs/icons collection, & fonts patcher

ryanoasis/nerd-fonts: Iconic font aggregator, collection, & patcher. 3,600+ icons, 50+ patched fonts: Hack, Source Code Pro, more. Glyph collections: Font Awesome, Material Design Icons, Octicons, & more (github.com)

brew install --cask font-hack-nerd-font
brew install --cask font-meslo-lg-nerd-font
brew install --cask font-fira-code-nerd-font

Alias

Cheatsheet · ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh Wiki

$ alias -L

Git

• gb - git branch
• gba - git branch -a
• gbd - git branch -d
• gbnm - git branch --no-merged
• gbr - git branch --remote
• gco - git checkout
• gcb - git checkout -b
• gcm - git checkout master
• gcount - git shortlog -sn
• gfa - git fetch --all --prune
• gl - git pull
• glol - git log --graph --pretty=...
• glola - git log --graph --pretty=... --all
• gst - git status
• gp - git push
• gpsup - git push --set-upstream origin $(current_branch)

List

alias l="exa --icons"
alias l1="exa -1 --icons"
alias la="exa -1a --icons"
alias ll="exa -l --icons"
alias lla="exa -la --icons"
alias tree="exa -Ta -L=1 --icons"
alias lt="tree"

Plugins

Plugins Overview

.zshrc

plugins=( 
    git
    aliases
    colored-man-pages
    colorize
    command-not-found
    cp
    themes
    z
    #zoxide
    zsh-autosuggestions
    zsh-syntax-highlighting
)

zsh-autosuggestions

zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions: Fish-like autosuggestions for zsh (github.com)

Clone this repository into $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins (by default ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins)

git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

zsh-syntax-highlighting

zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting: Fish shell like syntax highlighting for Zsh. (github.com)

git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

zsh-completions

zsh-users/zsh-completions: Additional completion definitions for Zsh. (github.com)

git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-completions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-completions

.zshrc

# zsh-completions
fpath+=${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-completions/src

source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh

aliases

$ acs <query>

colorize

Pygments

$ sudo apt install python3-pygments
$ which pygmentize
/usr/bin/pygmentize

Usage

ccat .zshrc
cless .zshrc

themes

$ lstheme
$ theme <theme>

z

https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/tree/master/plugins/z

$ z -l

[rogerxu]

Fish

Fish shell 入门教程 - 阮一峰的网络日志

Configuration

$ fish_config

[rogerxu]

ConEmu

ConEmu - Handy Windows Terminal

[rogerxu]

PowerShell

简介 - PowerShell | Microsoft Docs

Install

PowerShell - Microsoft Store

$ $PSVersionTable

Name                           Value
----                           -----
PSVersion                      7.1.3
PSEdition                      Core
GitCommitId                    7.1.3
OS                             Microsoft Windows 10.0.18363
Platform                       Win32NT
PSCompatibleVersions           {1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0…}
PSRemotingProtocolVersion      2.3
SerializationVersion           1.1.0.1
WSManStackVersion              3.0

Configuration

$ echo $PROFILE
C:\Users\<username>\Documents\PowerShell\Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1
$ New-Item $PROFILE

Security

Execution Policy

$ Get-ExecutionPolicy
Restricted

$ Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
$ Get-ExecutionPolicy
RemoteSigned

Proxy

$ $env:HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:7890"

Package Manager

Scoop

Install

Install from non-admin PowerShell in C:\Users\<YOURUSERNAME>\scoop.

iwr -useb get.scoop.sh | iex

Packages

• 7zip
• bat
• delta
• dust
• fd
• fzf
• git
• less
• neovim
• ripgrep
• sudo
• zoxide
• gitui

Theme

Nerd Fonts

• CaskaydiaCove NF
• FiraCode Nerd Font
• Hack Nerd Font
• Meslo Nerd Font
• Sauce Code Pro Nerd Font

Run in non-admin PowerShell

scoop bucket add nerd-fonts

Run in admin PowerShell

sudo scoop install -g cascadiacode-nf

Oh My Posh

Install-Module oh-my-posh -Scope CurrentUser

Edit $PROFILE

# oh-my-posh
Set-PoshPrompt -Theme powerlevel10k_rainbow

Shortcuts

Basic Line Editing Tricks and Shortcuts for Windows PowerShell

Character

• Left - move back one character
• Right - move forward one character
• Del - delete current character
• Backspace - delete backward character

Word

• Ctrl-Left - move back one word
• Ctrl-Right - move forward one word
• Ctrl-Del - delete to the end of the current word
• Ctrl-Backspace - delete to the start of the current word

Line

• Home - move to the start of the line
• End - move to the end of the line
• Ctrl-Home - delete to the start of the line
• Ctrl-End - delete to the end of the line

Paste

• Right-click - paste

Command

Get-Command - which

$ Get-Command -All where                                                                                                                      

CommandType     Name                                               Version    Source
-----------     ----                                               -------    ------
Alias           where -> Where-Object
Application     where.exe                                          10.0.1904… C:\Windows\system32\where.exe

[rogerxu]

Cmder

Cmder | Console Emulator

Environment Variables

CMDER_ROOT=C:\tools\Cmder

Change drive

$ d:

[rogerxu]

Variables

Bash

How To Read and Set Environmental and Shell Variables on a Linux VPS | DigitalOcean

Environment Variables

We can see a list of all of our environmental variables by using the env or printenv commands. In their default state, they should function exactly the same:

$ env
$ printenv

with printenv, you can requests the values of individual variables:

$ printenv HTTPS_PROXY
http://127.0.0.1:8088

env let's you modify the environment that programs run in by passing a set of variable definitions into a command like this:

$ env VAR1="blahblah" command_to_run command_options

Shell Variables

List variables

$ set

Set variable

$ TEST_VAR='Hello World!'

Get variable

$ set TEST_VAR
Hello World!

Delete variable

$ unset TEST_VAR

Export shell variable to an environmental variable

$ export HTTPS_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:8088
$ printenv HTTPS_PROXY

Windows CMD

HowTo: Set an Environment Variable in Windows - Command Line and Registry - Dowd and Associates

Set - Environment Variable - Windows CMD - SS64.com

List all environment variables

$ set

Display a variable

$ echo %HTTP_PROXY%
http://127.0.0.1:8088

$ set HTTP_PROXY
http://127.0.0.1:8088
$ set http
HTTP_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:8088
HTTPS_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:8083

Set a variable

There is no need to add quotation marks when assigning a value that includes spaces

$ set TEST_VAR=one two three

If you place quotation marks around the value, then those quotes will be stored:

$ set TEST_VAR="one & two"

Delete a variable

$ set TEST_VAR=

Better still, to be sure there is no trailing space after the = place the expression in parentheses or quotes:

$ (set TEST_VAR=)

or

$ set "TEST_VAR="

Windows PowerShell

about_Environment_Variables | Microsoft Docs

List all environment variables

$ Get-ChildItem Env:

Display environment variable

$ echo $Env:HTTP_PROXY
http://127.0.0.1:8088

$ Get-Childitem Env:HTTP_PROXY

Set environment variable

$ $Env:HTTP_PROXY = "http://127.0.0.1:8088"

Delete environment variable

$ Remove-Item Env:HTTP_PROXY

[rogerxu]

Hyper

WSL+Ubuntu+zsh+hyper终端 | 随缘箭

[rogerxu]

CLI Tools

Rust Easy! Modern Cross-platform Command Line Tools to Supercharge Your Terminal | Technorage (deepu.tech)

cat

bat

apt install batcat

apk add bat

$ bat file

ls

exa

apt install exa

$ exa --icons
$ exa -1 --icons
$ exa -1a --icons
$ exa -l --icons
$ exa -Ta -L=1 --icons

lsd

diff

delta

$ sudo apt install delta

df

duf

muesli/duf: Disk Usage/Free Utility - a better 'df' alternative (github.com)

$ brew install duf

du

dust

bootandy/dust: A more intuitive version of du in rust (github.com)

apk add dust

$ dust -r -d 1 dir

ncdu

NCurses Disk Usage (yorhel.nl)

apk add ncdu

apt install ncdu

tree

broot

$ sudo apt install broot

$ broot

grep

ripgrep

$ sudo apt install ripgrep

$ rg 'regexp' file

find

fd

sharkdp/fd: A simple, fast and user-friendly alternative to 'find' (github.com)

$ sudo apt install fd-find

$ fd pattern

fzf

junegunn/fzf: A command-line fuzzy finder (github.com)

$ sudo apt install fzf

$ fzf --preview 'bat --color=always --style=numbers --line-range=:500 {}'

ack

ag

history

mcfly

cut

choose

sed

sd

$ sudo apt install sd

$ sd before after

jq

man

cheat

tldr

tldr | simplified, community driven man pages (ostera.io)

tealdeer

dbrgn/tealdeer: A very fast implementation of tldr in Rust. (github.com)

apt install tealdeer

brew install tealdeer

$ tldr --update
$ tldr --list
$ tldr tar

navi

denisidoro/navi: An interactive cheatsheet tool for the command-line (github.com)

apk add navi

brew install navi

top

bottom

ClementTsang/bottom: Yet another cross-platform graphical process/system monitor. (github.com)

$ cargo install bottom

$ brew install bottom

$ btm

glances

Glances - An Eye on your system (nicolargo.github.io)

$ pip install glances

$ sudo apt install glances

gtop

aksakalli/gtop: System monitoring dashboard for terminal (github.com)

$ npm i -g gtop

zenith

bvaisvil/zenith: Zenith - sort of like top or htop but with zoom-able charts, CPU, GPU, network, and disk usage (github.com)

$ brew install zenith

ping

prettyping

brew install prettyping

$ prettyping bing.com

gping

brew install gping

$ gping bing.com

ps

procs

dalance/procs: A modern replacement for ps written in Rust (github.com)

$ cargo install procs

$ brew install procs

$ procs zsh

wget

$ wget -O config.yaml https://example.com/file

curl

curl - Comparison Table

curl 的用法指南 - 阮一峰的网络日志 (ruanyifeng.com)

curl - Tutorial

$ curl -o example.html https://www.example.com

httpie

curlie

xh

cd

zoxide

brew install zoxide

$ zoxide query -ls
$ z foo

dig

dog

file

nnn

$ brew install nnn

Usage · jarun/nnn Wiki (github.com)

• ESCESC - Quit
• . - Toggle hidden
• * - Toggle executable
• a - Select all
• o - Open with...
• f - File details
• ⌃⇧r - Rename
• n - Create
• x - Delete
• t - Sort toggles

git

gitui

extrawurst/gitui: Blazing 💥 fast terminal-ui for git written in rust 🦀 (github.com)

$ cargo install gitui

$ brew install gitui

tig

Introduction · Tig - Text-mode interface for Git (jonas.github.io)

$ sudo apt install tig

$ brew install tig

sysinfo

macchina

Macchina-CLI/macchina: A system information frontend, with an (unhealthy) emphasis on performance. (github.com)

$ cargo install macchina

$ brew install macchina

[rogerxu]

awk

AWK 简明教程 | 酷 壳 - CoolShell

AWK Tutorial: 25 Practical Examples of AWK Command in Linux (linuxhandbook.com)

awk 入门教程 - 阮一峰的网络日志 (ruanyifeng.com)

Understanding AWK - Earthly Blog

Syntax

$ awk 'condition action' file
$ awk BEGIN { before all }
$ awk END { after all }

Variable

• $0 - line
• $1 - first field
• NF - number of fields
• $NF - last field
• $(NF-1) - last -1 field
• $NR - row number
• ~ /pattern/ - pattern condition

$ awk '{print $0}' demo.txt
$ awk '{print $1}' demo.txt
$ awk '{print $(NF-1)}' demo.txt

Awk Field Separators

-F '\t'

List all users

$ awk -F ':' '{print $1}' /etc/passwd
root
daemon

Function

• toupper()
• tolower()
• length()
• substr()

Condition

$ awk '$1 ~ /pattern/ {print $0}' demo.txt
$ awk -F ':' 'NR > 3 {print $1}' demo.txt
$ awk -F ':' '{if ($1 > "m") print $1; else print "---"}' demo.txt

[rogerxu]

sed

sed 简明教程 | 酷 壳 - CoolShell

Getting Started With SED Command Beginner’s Guide (linuxhandbook.com)

$ sed -i 's/source/target/g' demo.txt

sd

$ echo 'find something' | sd 'find' 'replace'

# plain string
$ echo 'remove (<>) special chars' | sd -s '(<>)' ''

$ sd 'find' 'replace' file.txt

[rogerxu]

dig

How to use dig (jvns.ca)

Nameserver

How to find a domain's authoritative nameservers (jvns.ca)

$ dig +short ns ppy-moble.0098dns02in.work

$ dig @h.root-servers.net ppy-moble.0098dns02in.work
$ dig @a.nic.work ppy-moble.0098dns02in.work
$ dig @vip7.alidns.com ppy-moble.0098dns02in.work

[rogerxu]

tmux

Tmux 使用教程 - 阮一峰的网络日志 (ruanyifeng.com)

Gentle Guide to Get Started With tmux | Pragmatic Pineapple 🍍

$ tmux

Shortcuts

Prefix key: Ctrl-b

• Ctrl-b - ? - list shortcuts

[rogerxu]

xargs