✨ Ubuntu 24.04 support

[retlehs]

• [x] Use new 24.04 box
• [x] Require Vagrant 2.4.0
• [x] Drop old arch conditional in favor of Vagrant's new arch support
• [x] Update trellis-cli/Lima to use 24.04 (https://github.com/roots/trellis-cli/pull/445)
• [x] Fix provisioning errors
  • [x] Update MariaDB (#1520)
  • [x] ❌ php8.2-imagick extension is missing in the ondrej/php PPA
  • [x] ❌ php8.2-memcached extension is missing in the ondrej/php PPA
  • [x] Create a secure sshd_config: Missing privilege separation directory: /run/sshd

Ref https://github.com/oerdnj/deb.sury.org/issues/2127

Close #1495 (no longer an issue with the new box) Close #1516