[3006.x] backport: Update SSH wrappers, wrap more funcs

[lkubb]

What does this PR do?

Backports most wrapper fixes from https://github.com/saltstack/salt/pull/65517 as per https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/65067#issuecomment-2175149559.

Does not include the rewritten cp and new cmd wrapper (relies on the former)

What issues does this PR fix or reference?

Fixes: https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/61100 Fixes: https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/56441 Fixes: https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/65067 Fixes: https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/61143 Fixes: https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/50196 Fixes: https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/51605 Fixes: https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/65630

The following are already fixed in 3007.x, but not backported to 3006.x because it would be more involved:

• https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/48067
• https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/62313 (fixed by https://github.com/saltstack/salt/pull/64542)

They can be closed manually.

Merge requirements satisfied?

[NOTICE] Bug fixes or features added to Salt require tests.

• [x] Docs
• [x] Changelog - https://docs.saltproject.io/en/master/topics/development/changelog.html
• [x] Tests written/updated

Commits signed with GPG?

Yes