stem model m_u and declension

sanskrit-lexicon / MWinflect

Generate declensions and conjugations based upon words in MW1899 dictionary.

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stem model m_u and declension #14

Open funderburkjim opened 6 years ago

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

masculine nouns ending in 'u'

This list is derived from lexnorm-all2 by the simple filter: a) key1 ends in short vowel 'u' b) lexnorm is precisely 'm'

As in #4, this list excludes other nominals ending in 'u', namely those with more complex normalized lexnorm values, such as 'm:f:n'.

There are 2179 distinct cases, listed in file nominals/inputs/m_u.txt.

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

endings for m_u model

The endings used for the m_u declension algorithm are:

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	uH	U	avaH
Accusative	um	U	Un
Instrumental	unA	uByAm	uBiH
Dative	ave	uByAm	uByaH
Ablative	oH	uByAm	uByaH
Genitive	oH	voH	UnAm
Locative	O	voH	uzu
Vocative	o	U	avaH

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

the base for m_u model

Our declensions start with the headword spellings provided by Monier Williams. From such a citation spelling, the base is formed by removing the final 'u'. For example, the base for 'taru' is tar.

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

m_u declension algorithm

The declension algorithm for masculine nouns ending in 'u' is procedurally the same as that for masculine nouns ending in 'a', with the exception of using the m_u endings.

Here is a summary of the procedure.

Start with key2.
If there are '-' characters in key2, represent key2 as H-X, where X is the last 'pada' and H is the head, with any additional '-' characters removed. If there are no '-' characters in key2, set H = '' (empty string) and X = key2.
construct the stem from X by removing the last character, which is 'u'. i.e., represent X as Yu, where 'Y' is the base.
for each cell of the 24 declension cells, let E be the ending for that cell
- concatenate the base with the ending: Z = YE
- apply nR sandhi to Z, resulting in W.
- concatenate H with W. This is the declension of key2 for the given cell

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

example taru

The m_u declension of taru (tree) is explained as follows. Note that nR sandhi has an impact for Instrumental singular and Genitive plural.

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	tar + uH = taruH	tar + U = tarU	tar + avaH = taravaH
Accusative	tar + um = tarum	tar + U = tarU	tar + Un = tarUn
Instrumental	tar + unA = tarunA -> taruRA	tar + uByAm = taruByAm	tar + uBiH = taruBiH
Dative	tar + ave = tarave	tar + uByAm = taruByAm	tar + uByaH = taruByaH
Ablative	tar + oH = taroH	tar + uByAm = taruByAm	tar + uByaH = taruByaH
Genitive	tar + oH = taroH	tar + voH = tarvoH	tar + UnAm = tarUnAm -> tarURAm
Locative	tar + O = tarO	tar + voH = tarvoH	tar + uzu = taruzu
Vocative	tar + o = taro	tar + U = tarU	tar + avaH = taravaH

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

example paSu

The m_u declension of paSu (animal) shows no impact by nR sandhi.

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	paS + uH = paSuH	paS + U = paSU	paS + avaH = paSavaH
Accusative	paS + um = paSum	paS + U = paSU	paS + Un = paSUn
Instrumental	paS + unA = paSunA	paS + uByAm = paSuByAm	paS + uBiH = paSuBiH
Dative	paS + ave = paSave	paS + uByAm = paSuByAm	paS + uByaH = paSuByaH
Ablative	paS + oH = paSoH	paS + uByAm = paSuByAm	paS + uByaH = paSuByaH
Genitive	paS + oH = paSoH	paS + voH = paSvoH	paS + UnAm = paSUnAm
Locative	paS + O = paSO	paS + voH = paSvoH	paS + uzu = paSuzu
Vocative	paS + o = paSo	paS + U = paSU	paS + avaH = paSavaH

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

Irregularities

Kale mentions in section 83 (page 50) a few irregular declensions for masculine nouns ending in 'u', such as krozwu (jackal).

Such irregularities remain to be reflected in the declension algorithms.