stem model n_u and declension

[funderburkjim]

neuter nouns ending in 'u'

This list is derived from lexnorm-all2 by the simple filter: a) key1 ends in short vowel 'u' b) lexnorm is precisely 'n'

There are 250 distinct such cases, listed in file nominals/inputs/n_u.txt.

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endings for n_u model

The endings used for the n_u declension algorithm are:

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	u	unI	Uni
Accusative	u	unI	Uni
Instrumental	unA	uByAm	uBiH
Dative	une	uByAm	uByaH
Ablative	unaH	uByAm	uByaH
Genitive	unaH	unoH	UnAm
Locative	uni	unoH	uzu
Vocative	u/o	unI	Uni

Note: the variant endings in vocative singular agree with example 'maDu' in Deshpande, Antoine, and Kale. However, Huet only shows the 'u' ending.

Kale also shows variants for several additional forms which are applicable to the neuter form of some additional words ending in 'u', such as guru (Kale p. 39, section 70).

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Base for n_u model

We assume that the stem (last pada of key2) already ends in 'u'. The base then is formed by removing the final 'u'.

For example, the base for 'maDu' is maD.

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n_u declension algorithm

The declension algorithm for neuter nouns ending in 'u' is procedurally the same as that for feminine nouns ending in 'i', with the exception of using the n_u endings.

Here is a summary of the procedure.

• Start with key2.
• If there are '-' characters in key2, represent key2 as H-X, where X is the last 'pada' and H is the head, with any additional '-' characters removed. If there are no '-' characters in key2, set H = '' (empty string) and X = key2.
• construct the stem from X by removing the last character, which is 'u'. i.e., represent X as Yu, where 'Y' is the base.
• for each cell of the 24 declension cells, let E be one of the endings for that cell
  • concatenate the base with the ending: Z = YE
  • apply nR sandhi to Z, resulting in W.
  • concatenate H with W. This is the one of the declensions of key2 for the given cell
  • if there is more than one ending for the cell, join the alternates to get all the alternate declensions.

Note this is a generalization of the usual procedure, only taking into account the presence of alternate endings.

[funderburkjim]

example maDu

nR sandhi makes no changes to any of the forms of this declension.

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	maD + u = maDu	maD + unI = maDunI	maD + Uni = maDUni
Accusative	maD + u = maDu	maD + unI = maDunI	maD + Uni = maDUni
Instrumental	maD + unA = maDunA	maD + uByAm = maDuByAm	maD + uBiH = maDuBiH
Dative	maD + une = maDune	maD + uByAm = maDuByAm	maD + uByaH = maDuByaH
Ablative	maD + unaH = maDunaH	maD + uByAm = maDuByAm	maD + uByaH = maDuByaH
Genitive	maD + unaH = maDunaH	maD + unoH = maDunoH	maD + UnAm = maDUnAm
Locative	maD + uni = maDuni	maD + unoH = maDunoH	maD + uzu = maDuzu
Vocative	maD + u/o = maDu/maDo	maD + unI = maDunI	maD + Uni = maDUni

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• example jatru

The declension of jatru (collar-bone) as neuter. Several forms are impacted by the nR sandhi application.

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	jatr + u = jatru	jatr + unI = jatrunI -> jatruRI	jatr + Uni = jatrUni -> jatrURi
Accusative	jatr + u = jatru	jatr + unI = jatrunI -> jatruRI	jatr + Uni = jatrUni -> jatrURi
Instrumental	jatr + unA = jatrunA -> jatruRA	jatr + uByAm = jatruByAm	jatr + uBiH = jatruBiH
Dative	jatr + une = jatrune -> jatruRe	jatr + uByAm = jatruByAm	jatr + uByaH = jatruByaH
Ablative	jatr + unaH = jatrunaH -> jatruRaH	jatr + uByAm = jatruByAm	jatr + uByaH = jatruByaH
Genitive	jatr + unaH = jatrunaH -> jatruRaH	jatr + unoH = jatrunoH -> jatruRoH	jatr + UnAm = jatrUnAm -> jatrURAm
Locative	jatr + uni = jatruni -> jatruRi	jatr + unoH = jatrunoH -> jatruRoH	jatr + uzu = jatruzu
Vocative	jatr + u/o = jatru/jatro	jatr + unI = jatrunI -> jatruRI	jatr + Uni = jatrUni -> jatrURi

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irregularities and differences

As mentioned above, several authors show differences from the n_u algorithm shown above. These differences should be explored sometime.