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sanskrit-lexicon / MWinflect

Generate declensions and conjugations based upon words in MW1899 dictionary.
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nominals ending in 'o' and declension #25

Open funderburkjim opened 6 years ago

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

There are only 26 nominal citations in lexnorm-all2 which end in 'o'.
Most of these are 'go' (cow, bull) and its compounds. The others are 'lo', 'dyo', 'smfto', and 'so'.

The stem generation results in models f_o, m_o (same as f_o) and n_u (see below for discussion of neuter).

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

endings for f_o and m_o

The masculine and feminine declensions are identical, and use the endings :

Case S D P
Nominative OH AvO AvaH
Accusative Am AvO AH
Instrumental avA oByAm oBiH
Dative ave oByAm oByaH
Ablative oH oByAm oByaH
Genitive oH avoH avAm
Locative avi avoH ozu
Vocative OH AvO AvaH

base for m_o, f_o model

Obtain the base by dropping the final 'o'.

f_o, m_o declension algorithm

Completely analogous to other vowel-ending declension algorithms. In brief:

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

example go

Declension in feminine (or masculine):

Case S D P
Nominative g + OH = gOH g + AvO = gAvO g + AvaH = gAvaH
Accusative g + Am = gAm g + AvO = gAvO g + AH = gAH
Instrumental g + avA = gavA g + oByAm = goByAm g + oBiH = goBiH
Dative g + ave = gave g + oByAm = goByAm g + oByaH = goByaH
Ablative g + oH = goH g + oByAm = goByAm g + oByaH = goByaH
Genitive g + oH = goH g + avoH = gavoH g + avAm = gavAm
Locative g + avi = gavi g + avoH = gavoH g + ozu = gozu
Vocative g + OH = gOH g + AvO = gAvO g + AvaH = gAvaH
funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

neuter declension of nouns ending in 'o'

Based upon Kale on p.53, I think that the neuter declension of nouns ending in 'o' is formed as follows:

example of go in neuter

The word 'bahu-go' is indicated to be an adjective by MW (having much cattle). So, we need to know how to decline 'go' in the neuter. First, we form the stem 'gu'. Then decline 'gu' like 'maDu', using the n_u model; i.e., form base 'g' from 'gu', then add the n_u endings. The result is:

Case S D P
Nominative gu gunI gUni
Accusative gu gunI gUni
Instrumental gunA guByAm guBiH
Dative gune guByAm guByaH
Ablative gunaH guByAm guByaH
Genitive gunaH gunoH gUnAm
Locative guni gunoH guzu
Vocative gu/go gunI gUni

Finally, the declension of 'bahu-go' in neuter just reattaches 'bahu':

Case S D P
Nominative bahugu bahugunI bahugUni
Accusative bahugu bahugunI bahugUni
Instrumental bahugunA bahuguByAm bahuguBiH
Dative bahugune bahuguByAm bahuguByaH
Ablative bahugunaH bahuguByAm bahuguByaH
Genitive bahugunaH bahugunoH bahugUnAm
Locative bahuguni bahugunoH bahuguzu
Vocative bahugu/bahugo bahugunI bahugUni
funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

analogy with feminine declension of nouns ending in 'a'

Note that we do not have a separate model 'n_o'. This is analogous to the way the feminine declension of an adjective ending in 'a' is handled by this system.

For example, 'agra' has the lexnorm attribute 'm:f:n'. We prepare the feminine stem of 'agra' as 'agrA'. Then we decline 'agrA' using the f_A model (like 'latA', or our example 'rAmA' in #8).

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

Note on dyo

Deshpande , Kale, and Bucknell use the citation 'dyo' (sky).

MW has an entry for 'dyo', but only as a pointer to 'dyu': dyo b dyota &c. See under dyu and 1. dyut.

In particular, 'dyo' has no lexical (gender) information in MW, so does not appear in the original lexnorm-all2 list.

I am handling this by

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

lexnorm-irregular.txt

This can be a temporary holding place for items of lexnorm-all2.txt that are known to lead to declension errors by the current stem-model classification and declension algorithms.

These cases will need to be handled somehow as this project matures.

gasyoun commented 3 years ago

lexnorm-irregular.txt

Can't locate it. It is not only about nominals ending in 'o', but general, right?