nominals ending in 'E' and declension

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

There are only 4 nominals in MW ending in E (dipthong 'ai'):

E m. N. of Śiva, L.
rE m.f. wealth
- bahu-rE mfn. having great wealth
- su-rE mfn. (nom. -rās, -ri) very, rich

Declensions of rE are shown in Kale, Bucknell, and Deshpande for m.f.; the neuter declension is mentioned in Kale. MW also mentions several details of declension.

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

endings for m_E and f_E models

Declension is same for masculine and feminine.

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	AH	AyO	AyaH
Accusative	Ayam	AyO	AyaH
Instrumental	AyA	AByAm	ABiH
Dative	Aye	AByAm	AByaH
Ablative	AyaH	AByAm	AByaH
Genitive	AyaH	AyoH	AyAm
Locative	Ayi	AyoH	Asu
Vocative	AH	AyO	AyaH

endings for n_E model

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	i	inI	Ini
Accusative	i	inI	Ini
Instrumental	inA	AByAm	ABiH
Dative	ine	AByAm	AByaH
Ablative	inaH	AByAm	AByaH
Genitive	inaH	inoH	InAm
Locative	ini	inoH	Asu
Vocative	i/e	inI	Ini

base for m_E, f_E, and n_E models

Obtain base by dropping the final 'E'.

declension algorithm for m_E, f_E, n_E algorithms:

Completely analogous to the other vowel-ending declension algorithms:

Detach prefix from final pada
Form base from final pada, as above
Join base to the endings, then apply nR sandhi as needed (actually, it is not needed in m. f. declensions but comes into play in the neuter declension).
Reattach the base to the results of preceding step.

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

example rE declined with m_E or f_E model:

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	r + AH = rAH	r + AyO = rAyO	r + AyaH = rAyaH
Accusative	r + Ayam = rAyam	r + AyO = rAyO	r + AyaH = rAyaH
Instrumental	r + AyA = rAyA	r + AByAm = rAByAm	r + ABiH = rABiH
Dative	r + Aye = rAye	r + AByAm = rAByAm	r + AByaH = rAByaH
Ablative	r + AyaH = rAyaH	r + AByAm = rAByAm	r + AByaH = rAByaH
Genitive	r + AyaH = rAyaH	r + AyoH = rAyoH	r + AyAm = rAyAm
Locative	r + Ayi = rAyi	r + AyoH = rAyoH	r + Asu = rAsu
Vocative	r + AH = rAH	r + AyO = rAyO	r + AyaH = rAyaH

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

example rE declined with n_E model

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	r + i = ri	r + inI = rinI -> riRI	r + Ini = rIni -> rIRi
Accusative	r + i = ri	r + inI = rinI -> riRI	r + Ini = rIni -> rIRi
Instrumental	r + inA = rinA -> riRA	r + AByAm = rAByAm	r + ABiH = rABiH
Dative	r + ine = rine -> riRe	r + AByAm = rAByAm	r + AByaH = rAByaH
Ablative	r + inaH = rinaH -> riRaH	r + AByAm = rAByAm	r + AByaH = rAByaH
Genitive	r + inaH = rinaH -> riRaH	r + inoH = rinoH -> riRoH	r + InAm = rInAm -> rIRAm
Locative	r + ini = rini -> riRi	r + inoH = rinoH -> riRoH	r + Asu = rAsu
Vocative	r + i/e = ri/re	r + inI = rinI -> riRI	r + Ini = rIni -> rIRi

I hope someone will check this declension to see whether my interpretation of Kale looks right.

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

discussion of neuter declension

Here is Kale's description of neuter declension, using example of 'prarE' (not in MW; might mean who has superior wealth).

For consonantal terminations, he is referring to his table of 'normal case-terminations':

i.e., dual and plural of Instrumental, Dative and Ablative; plural of Locative. By his example of 'prari' for nominative singular, he must be excluding the Nominative singular from his list of consonantal endings, at least in this context of neuter declension of rE, even though 's' is a consonant.

endings of n_i model

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	i	inI	Ini
Accusative	i	inI	Ini
Instrumental	inA	iByAm	iBiH
Dative	ine	iByAm	iByaH
Ablative	inaH	iByAm	iByaH
Genitive	inaH	inoH	InAm
Locative	ini	inoH	izu
Vocative	i/e	inI	Ini

The table above for n_E declension is constructed by using the m_E endings for the consonantal endings, and the n_i endings for the rest.

funderburkjim commented 6 years ago

Comment from MW - two alternates

Under entry rE, MW gives most of the m.f. declension:

Note he gives alternates not present in our algorithm

rAm acc. singular
rAH acc. plural

Should our declension tables also include these alternates?

drdhaval2785 commented 6 years ago

I hope someone will check this declension to see whether my interpretation of Kale looks right

That is right.

drdhaval2785 commented 6 years ago

Should our declension tables also include these alternates?

No. They may be Vedic kind. Not in classical Sanskrit.

sanskrit-lexicon / MWinflect