nominals ending in 'Iyas' and declension

[funderburkjim]

There are about 100 MW entries ending in either Iyas (most) or eyas. These all seem to be comparative adjectives, which thus should be declined similarly. We identify the models as: m_Iyas, n_Iyas, and f_Iyas_I.

[funderburkjim]

feminine stem generation

The feminine stem is generated by adding a long 'I' to the citation form; unlike with the feminine stems generated from adjectives ending in 'in', there is no need for application of nR sandhi, since we are adding the 'I' to the ending letter 's'.

comment on model name 'f_Iyas_I' Once the feminine stem is generated, it is declined just like other common nominals ending in 'I', like nadI. So we could say the model is 'f_I', like it is for nadI. I have used 'f_Iyas_I' just for the purpose of being able to readily identify that the feminine stem comes from a nominal ending in 'Iyas' or 'eyas'. So f_Iyas_I is merely an alias for f_I, as far as the declension algorithm is concerned.

[funderburkjim]

endings for m_Iyas model

Deshpande et. al. consider the declension of nominals ending in 'Iyas', etc. to fall in the category of 'nouns with two stems'.

As with the m_in model, the algorithm used here uses only one stem (obtained by dropping the final 'as' from the citation form), and embeds the variations in the table of endings.

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	An	AMsO	AMsaH
Accusative	AMsam	AMsO	asaH
Instrumental	asA	oByAm	oBiH
Dative	ase	oByAm	oByaH
Ablative	asaH	oByAm	oByaH
Genitive	asaH	asoH	asAm
Locative	asi	asoH	aHsu
Vocative	an	AMsO	AMsaH

Note: Based on the paradigms of Deshapande (see p. 197), he would write the ending for the locative plural as assu rather than aHsu which is shown in the table. (The table form agrees with Antoine, Bucknell and Huet). There is a sandhi rule which I think could be paraphrased as 's before s can optionally be changed to 'H'. In other words, this minor difference is not material. We could choose to show both forms as alternates, but have not done so.

I think that Kale's presentation would show both forms:

[funderburkjim]

endings for n_Iyas model

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	aH	asI	AMsi
Accusative	aH	asI	AMsi
Instrumental	asA	oByAm	oBiH
Dative	ase	oByAm	oByaH
Ablative	asaH	oByAm	oByaH
Genitive	asaH	asoH	asAm
Locative	asi	asoH	aHsu
Vocative	aH	asI	AMsi

Note cases 1,2 8 have the same endings; and cases 3-7 have same endings as in m_Iyas.

[funderburkjim]

base for m_Iyas, n_Iyas models

Obtain the base by dropping the final 'as'.

m_Iyas, n_Iyas declension algorithms

Completely analogous to vowel-ending declension algorithms. In brief:

• Detach prefix from final pada
• Form base from final pada, as above
• Join base to the endings, then apply nR sandhi as needed .
  • actually, nR sandhi is never needed because of the final 's'
• Reattach the pre-base padas to the results of preceding step.

[funderburkjim]

Example Sreyas with m_Iyas model

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	Srey + An = SreyAn	Srey + AMsO = SreyAMsO	Srey + AMsaH = SreyAMsaH
Accusative	Srey + AMsam = SreyAMsam	Srey + AMsO = SreyAMsO	Srey + asaH = SreyasaH
Instrumental	Srey + asA = SreyasA	Srey + oByAm = SreyoByAm	Srey + oBiH = SreyoBiH
Dative	Srey + ase = Sreyase	Srey + oByAm = SreyoByAm	Srey + oByaH = SreyoByaH
Ablative	Srey + asaH = SreyasaH	Srey + oByAm = SreyoByAm	Srey + oByaH = SreyoByaH
Genitive	Srey + asaH = SreyasaH	Srey + asoH = SreyasoH	Srey + asAm = SreyasAm
Locative	Srey + asi = Sreyasi	Srey + asoH = SreyasoH	Srey + aHsu = SreyaHsu
Vocative	Srey + an = Sreyan	Srey + AMsO = SreyAMsO	Srey + AMsaH = SreyAMsaH

[funderburkjim]

Example of laGIyas with n_Iyas model

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	laGIy + aH = laGIyaH	laGIy + asI = laGIyasI	laGIy + AMsi = laGIyAMsi
Accusative	laGIy + aH = laGIyaH	laGIy + asI = laGIyasI	laGIy + AMsi = laGIyAMsi
Instrumental	laGIy + asA = laGIyasA	laGIy + oByAm = laGIyoByAm	laGIy + oBiH = laGIyoBiH
Dative	laGIy + ase = laGIyase	laGIy + oByAm = laGIyoByAm	laGIy + oByaH = laGIyoByaH
Ablative	laGIy + asaH = laGIyasaH	laGIy + oByAm = laGIyoByAm	laGIy + oByaH = laGIyoByaH
Genitive	laGIy + asaH = laGIyasaH	laGIy + asoH = laGIyasoH	laGIy + asAm = laGIyasAm
Locative	laGIy + asi = laGIyasi	laGIy + asoH = laGIyasoH	laGIy + aHsu = laGIyaHsu
Vocative	laGIy + aH = laGIyaH	laGIy + asI = laGIyasI	laGIy + AMsi = laGIyAMsi

[gasyoun]

There is a sandhi rule which I think could be paraphrased as 's before s can optionally be changed to 'H'.

Sounds fishy.

[funderburkjim]

s before s can optionally be changed to 'H'

Whitney Grammar, Section 172.

172. Before an initial sibilant—श् ç, ष् ṣ, स् s—स् s is either assimilated, becoming the same sibilant, or it is changed into visarga.

a. The native grammarians are in some measure at variance (see APr. ii. 40, note) as to which of these changes should be made, and in part they allow either at pleasure. The usage of the manuscripts is also discordant; the conversion to visarga is the prevalent practice, though the sibilant is also not infrequently found written, especially in South-Indian manuscripts. European editors generally write visarga; but the later dictionaries and glossaries generally make the alphabetic place of a word the same as if the sibilant were read instead.

Examples are: manuḥ svayam or manus svayam; indraḥ çūraḥ or indraç çūraḥ; tā́ḥ ṣaṭ or tāṣ ṣaṭ.