Nominals of 1 stem ending in semivowel

funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

For a general discussion of declension of the nominals ending in consonants and declined with the '1-stem' models, see #41.

From analyze_1cons.txt we extract the following frequency information for nominals ending in a semivowel and declined with the '1-stem' models.

0 entries ending in 'y'
129 entries ending in 'r' (29 distinct suffixes)
3 entries ending in 'l' (3 distinct suffixes)
6 entries ending in 'v' (3 distinct suffixes)

funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

The case of final consonant l

Recall the general endings for the 1-stem models.

The declension of stems ending in semi-vowel l is described by Kale (p. 54). He uses the example kamal (goddess of wealth, lotus), although this form is not present as an MW headword (MW has kamala and kamalA).

The masculine and feminine declensions are the same.

Before all endings (vowel, empty, or consonant), the final l is unchanged.
In 7p, the ending su is changed to zu

For neuter declension, same rules as above.

Declension of m_1_l kamal

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	kamal	kamalO	kamalaH
Accusative	kamalam	kamalO	kamalaH
Instrumental	kamalA	kamalByAm	kamalBiH
Dative	kamale	kamalByAm	kamalByaH
Ablative	kamalaH	kamalByAm	kamalByaH
Genitive	kamalaH	kamaloH	kamalAm
Locative	kamali	kamaloH	kamalzu
Vocative	kamal	kamalO	kamalaH

Declension of n_1_l kamal

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	kamal	kamalI	kamali
Accusative	kamal	kamalI	kamali
Instrumental	kamalA	kamalByAm	kamalBiH
Dative	kamale	kamalByAm	kamalByaH
Ablative	kamalaH	kamalByAm	kamalByaH
Genitive	kamalaH	kamaloH	kamalAm
Locative	kamali	kamaloH	kamalzu
Vocative	kamal	kamalI	kamali

funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

The case of final consonant r

From Deshpande (p. 158):

R-final stems are slightly different in that the stem vowel is lengthened in the nom. sing., before bh-initial affixes, and in the loc. pl.

The masculine and feminine declensions are the same.

Before vowel endings, the final r is unchanged.
Before empty endings (1s, 8s) , the final r is changed to H.
Before 7p ending su, final r is unchanged and also su is changed; result is rzu.
Before 'B' endings, final r is unchanged.
The vowel preceding final r is lengthened for 1s, 8s, 7p, and before B endings.

For neuter declension, same rules as above, but also

Before empty ending 2s, final r is changed to H, and preceding vowel is lengthened.

Declension of f_1_r gir

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	gIH	girO	giraH
Accusative	giram	girO	giraH
Instrumental	girA	gIrByAm	gIrBiH
Dative	gire	gIrByAm	gIrByaH
Ablative	giraH	gIrByAm	gIrByaH
Genitive	giraH	giroH	girAm
Locative	giri	giroH	gIrzu
Vocative	gIH	girO	giraH

For the neuter n_1_r model of gir, cases 1,2, and 8 are: gIH girI giri and the other cases are as for f_1_r model.

funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

Case of final consonant v: div

div (sky)
pra-div (heaven, day)
su-div (shining brightly)

These three are declined as follows in masculine/feminine:

Declension of m_1_v div

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	dyOH/dyuH	dyAvO/divO	dyAvaH/divaH
Accusative	dyAm/divam	dyAvO/divO	divaH
Instrumental	divA/dIvA	dyuBiH
Dative	dyave/dive	dyuByaH
Ablative	dyoH/divaH	dyuByaH
Genitive	dyoH/divaH	divAM
Locative	dyavi/divi	dyuzu
Vocative	dyOH	divaH

Note: This is taken from Huet, with two additional optional forms from MW:

dyuH 1s
dIvA 3s

No neuter declension is given currently; one guess would be dyOH divI divi for cases 1,2,8. Anyone have information on these neuter forms?

funderburkjim commented 5 years ago

Case of final consonant v: TODO

I have found no guidance on the declension of these two additional examples from MW, so currently no declensions are proposed. Here is what MW entries say:

janAv nom. aus m. protecting men
dIv f. (only dat. dīve loc. dīvi, RV. ; acc. dyuvam dat. dyuve, AV. ) gambling, playing with dice

sanskrit-lexicon / MWinflect