Open funderburkjim opened 3 years ago
are same as masculine declensions:
python decline_one.py f_1_j eka-rAj
Declension of f_1_j eka-rAj
Case 1: ekarAw ekarAjO ekarAjaH
Case 2: ekarAjam ekarAjO ekarAjaH
Case 3: ekarAjA ekarAqByAm ekarAqBiH
Case 4: ekarAje ekarAqByAm ekarAqByaH
Case 5: ekarAjaH ekarAqByAm ekarAqByaH
Case 6: ekarAjaH ekarAjoH ekarAjAm
Case 7: ekarAji ekarAjoH ekarAwsu
Case 8: ekarAw ekarAjO ekarAjaH
are same as masculine, EXCEPT for cases 1,2,8:
python decline_one.py n_1_j eka-rAj
Declension of n_1_j eka-rAj
Case 1: ekarAw ekarAjI ekarAYji
Case 2: ekarAw ekarAjI ekarAYji
Case 3: ekarAjA ekarAqByAm ekarAqBiH
Case 4: ekarAje ekarAqByAm ekarAqByaH
Case 5: ekarAjaH ekarAqByAm ekarAqByaH
Case 6: ekarAjaH ekarAjoH ekarAjAm
Case 7: ekarAji ekarAjoH ekarAwsu
Case 8: ekarAw ekarAjI ekarAYji
There are rules for what Goldman's text calls Consonants in Absolute Final Position (Goldman, section 3.25).
Palatals cannot appear in absolute final position; the palatal 'j' is replaced, in final position, by either k or w (IAST ṭ).
The tricky part is deciding, for a particular nominal, which of the two replacements to use. There seem to be no definite rules.
However, once you decide whether to use k or w (ṭ), the rest of the declension is determined. 'eka-rAj' shows the w case.
An example where final 'j' is replaced by 'k' is:
python decline_one.py m_1_j Buj
Declension of m_1_j Buj
Case 1: Buk BujO BujaH
Case 2: Bujam BujO BujaH
Case 3: BujA BugByAm BugBiH
Case 4: Buje BugByAm BugByaH
Case 5: BujaH BugByAm BugByaH
Case 6: BujaH BujoH BujAm
Case 7: Buji BujoH Bukzu
Case 8: Buk BujO BujaH
The choice of 'k' or 'w' is confirmed for some words by Huet declension and, occasionally, by a comment in MW.
According to mw, when uncompounded, the strong cases have a nasal e.g. nom. yuṅ, yuñjau, yuñjas, but aśva-yuk
The Cologne declension:
Declension of m_1_j yuj
Case 1: yuN yuYjO yuYjaH
Case 2: yuYjam yuYjO yujaH
Case 3: yujA yugByAm yugBiH
Case 4: yuje yugByAm yugByaH
Case 5: yujaH yugByAm yugByaH
Case 6: yujaH yujoH yujAm
Case 7: yuji yujoH yukzu
Case 8: yuN yuYjO yuYjaH
Huet shows some additional forms in cases 1,2,8
python decline_one_huet.py m_1_j yuj
Declension of m_1_j yuj
Case 1: yuk/yuN yujO/yuYjO yujaH/yuYjaH
Case 2: yujam/yuYjam yujO/yuYjO yujaH
Case 3: yujA yugByAm yugBiH
Case 4: yuje yugByAm yugByaH
Case 5: yujaH yugByAm yugByaH
Case 6: yujaH yujoH yujAm
Case 7: yuji yujoH yukzu
Case 8: yuk/yuN yujO/yuYjO yujaH/yuYjaH
For lack of a better term, I'll call these the 'Cologne' declensions.
So be it.
However, once you decide whether to use k or w (ṭ), the rest of the declension is determined.
It's easy. k
is for all (J1, H1 how Zaliznjak calls them), other than roots (list of roots-exclusions, called J2 and H2): √yaj совершать жертвоприношение, √vraj продвигаться, √rāj править, √bhrāj сиять, √maj вытирать, чистить, √sarj отпускать, √bharjj (bhrajj) жарить; √vah везти, √sah преодолевать, √lih (rih) лизать, √mih мочиться, √guh (gūh) прятать, √ruh подниматься, √tarh давить, √darh (dṛṁh) укреплять, √varh (barh) рвать, √baṁh [802] усиливать. У корня √muh теряться, смущаться конечное h может вести себя и как h1 и как h2. Во всех прочих случаях j и h традиционной записи с морфонологической точки зрения суть j1 и h1.
Wonderful that you mention Professor Zaliznjak. Others may enjoy this inspiring link.
Most 'j'-ending nominals take 'k' EXCEPT for nominals based on a list of roots.
That list of j-ending roots whose nominals take ṭ are:
Gerard pointed out Whitney Grammar Section 219.
Whitney also delineates two groups, the 'yuj' group and the 'mfj' group.
I think his 'yuj' group is what I call the 'k' group, and his 'mfj' group is the ṭ group. The distinctions of these two groups appear to include declensions, but also include other forms (exactly which forms not obvious to me).
I am uncertain of the handling of the double-j. The current method uses
Here is neuter declension:
Declension of n_1_j Brajj
Case 1: Braw BrajjI BraYji
Case 2: Braw BrajjI BraYji
Case 3: BrajjA BraqByAm BraqBiH
Case 4: Brajje BraqByAm BraqByaH
Case 5: BrajjaH BraqByAm BraqByaH
Case 6: BrajjaH BrajjoH BrajjAm
Case 7: Brajji BrajjoH Brawsu
Case 8: Braw BrajjI BraYji
Can anyone confirm or point out errors?
Only two compounds ending in mfj from MW.
According to Zaliznjak and Whitney above, ṭ should be used. But I am 'k' in both cases (Darma-mfk, pari-mfk). Should I change either or both to ṭ ?
Should I change either or both to ṭ ?
Let @drdhaval2785 comment. Zaliznjak's source is Whitney with a few finetunings. But it's not enough for our computation tasks in samasas.
I think the rule which you want to have at hand is https://ashtadhyayi.com/sutraani/8/2/36 vraSc -> vfw Brasj / Brajj -> Bfw sfj -> sfw mfj -> mfw yaj -> yaw rAj -> rAw BrAj -> BrAw
And any verb ending with C and S get converted to ending with 'w'.
This note documents current status of declensions of nominals ending in 'j'. For lack of a better term, I'll call these the 'Cologne' declensions.
As with declensions of other nominals, the algorithms generate a declension based on two pieces of information:
m_1_j
,f_1_j
,n_1-j
.m_1_j
is intended to be readmasculine as noun with 1 stem ending in j
.In a local installation, experimentation with the results of declensions is facilitated by a command line program decline_one.py.
For example,