saKi, m. irregular declension

[funderburkjim]

Thanks to a student, Jagannath Cadambi, for this.

The nominal 'saKi' is declined irregularly in the masculine. MW mentions irregularities:

sakhi m. (strong cases nom. sakhā pl. sakhāyaḥ; acc. sg. sakhāyam; gen. abl. sakhyus; other cases regularly from sakhi) a friend, assistant, companion, RV.  &c. &c. [ID=228858] the husband of the wife's sister, brother-in-law, Gal.

The full declension comes from p. 379 of Goldman's Sanskrit text:

python decline_one.py m_irr saKi md

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	saKA	saKAyO	saKAyaH
Accusative	saKAyam	saKAyO	saKIn
Instrumental	saKyA	saKiByAm	saKiBiH
Dative	saKye	saKiByAm	saKiByaH
Ablative	saKyuH	saKiByAm	saKiByaH
Genitive	saKyuH	saKyoH	saKInAm
Locative	saKyO	saKyoH	saKizu
Vocative	saKe	saKAyO	saKAyaH

[funderburkjim]

compounds ending in saKi

There are several compounds in MW with

• the last last pada is saKi (i.e. a samAsa ending with saKi)
• with masculine gender

These are declined as above. For example:

Contrast this with 'muni, m.' to see the irregularities:

[funderburkjim]

Feminine/neuter genders

Some of the compounds of saKi in MW assert f. or n. gender forms. For example: go-saKi

go—sakhi a (go-) mfn. (m. acc. °khāyam) ‘having milk as its friend’, mixed with milk (Soma), RV. v, 37, 4  (cf. -ṣakhi.) [ID=67725]

The m. declension of gosaKi follows the irregular saKi pattern above (gosaKA, etc.)

As of this writing, the f. and n. forms are based on the standard forms for f. and n. nouns ending in 'i' .

[funderburkjim]

gosaKi, f. is like mati, f.

THIS NOW believed to be WRONG.

See further comment below.

[funderburkjim]

gosaKi, n. is like vAri n.

[funderburkjim]

Is the handling of -saKi compounds in f. and n. correct?

[gasyoun]

Is the handling of -saKi compounds in f. and n. correct?

You know I'm no big fan of paradigms. There are hundreds of such irregular declensions and spending time on what's dealt good enough at Huet's site does not makes sense to me. Otherwise not checked with printed book.

[funderburkjim]

The compounds of saKi, such as gosaKi, are generally not in Sanskrit Heritage dictionary. Thus its Grammarian declension engine does not take into account any irregularities of declension for such compounds.

Since csl-inflect aims to provide declensions for all MW headwords, it is relevant to search for generally accepted practices. In the case of -saKi compounds in f. and n. , maybe someone will know something relevant to the question sometime. At the moment, it is merely an academic question.

[funderburkjim]

saKi, f. = saKI

Just realized that for the feminine forms of compounds (e.g. f. of gosaKi), the feminine is 'saKI', and to be declined like a normal feminine ending in 'I'.

Reason, MW clearly states:

and

Will make this change.

Still no evidence regarding n. compounds ending in 'saKi'. Will continue to treat as above, like a normal neuter noun ending in 'i' (like vAri above).

[gasyoun]

Thus its Grammarian declension engine does not take into account any irregularities of declension for such compounds.

That's a good argument. Maybe we should have a Skype call with Huet to see if there is a way to get it done?

Whitney.

343. Irregular declension. There are no irregular u-stems, and only a very few i-stems.
a. Sákhi m. friend has for the five strong cases a peculiarly strengthened base (vriddhied),
namely sákhāy, which in the nom. sing. is reduced to sákhā (without ending), and in the other
cases takes the normal endings. The instr. and dat. sing. have the normal endings simply,
without inserted n or guṇa; the abl.-gen. sing. adds us; and the loc. sing. adds āu: the rest is
like agní. Thus:
Sing. sákhā, sákhāyam, sákhyā, sákhye, sákhyus, sákhyāu, sákhe; Du. sákhāyāu, sákhibhyām,
sákhyos; Pl. sákhāyas, sákhīn, etc. etc.
b. The Veda has usually sákhāyā du., and often resolves the y to i, in sákhiā, sákhius, etc.
The compounds are usually declined like the simple word, unless (1315 b) sakha be substituted.
c. There is a corresponding fem., sakhī (declined like devī: 364); but the forms of sakhi are
also sometimes found used with feminine value.
d. Páti m. is declined regularly in composition, and when it has the meaning lord, master ;
when uncompounded and when meaning husband, it is inflected like sákhi in the instr., dat.,
abl.-gen., and loc. sing., forming pátyā, pátye, pátyus, pátyāu. There are occasional instances of
confusion of the two classes of forms.
e. For pati as the final member of a possessive compound is regularly and usually
substituted patnī in the fem.: thus, jīvapatnī having a living husband ; dāsapatnī having a
barbarian for master .
f. Jáni f. wife has the gen. sing. jányus in the Veda.
g. Arí eager, greedy, hostile has in the Veda aryás in pl. nom. and accus., masc. and fem.
Its accus. sing. is arím or aryám.
h. Ví bird has in RV. the nom. vés (beside vís). In the plural it accents víbhis, víbhyas, but
vīnā́m.
i. The stems ákṣi eye, ásthi bone , dádhi curds , and sákthi thigh, are defective, their forms
exchanging with and complementing forms from stems in án (akṣán etc.): see the stems in an,
below (431).
j. The stem pathí road is used to make up part of the inflection of páthan: see below, 433.
k. Króṣṭu

feminine is 'saKI', and to be declined like a normal feminine ending in 'I'.

Whitney has a paragraph on it as well with a few more examples of same time, including sakhi.