Course, CourseInstance, EducationEvent [Schema.org Course Extension]

westurner commented 9 years ago

[x] Thing > CreativeWork > Course https://schema.org/Course
[x] Thing > Event > CourseInstance https://schema.org/CourseInstance
[x] Thing > Event > EducationEvent https://schema.org/EducationEvent

.

| Project: https://www.w3.org/community/schema-course-extend/
| MailingList: https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-schema-course-extend/
| Wiki: https://www.w3.org/community/schema-course-extend/wiki/
| Issue: https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/195
| PR: https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/pull/972
| RDFa schema & examples: https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/blob/sdo-deimos/data/ext/pending/issue-195.rdfa
| Web: http://course.schema-course-extend.appspot.com/
| Web: http://pending.webschemas.org/Course
| Web: http://pending.webschemas.org/CourseInstance
| Web: https://schema.org/Course
| Web: https://schema.org/CourseInstance

Goals:

schema.org/Course , schema.org/CourseSection , schema.org/EducationEvent

SCHEMA COURSE EXTENSION COMMUNITY GROUP

This mission of this group, initiated by LRMI, is to develop an extension for schema.org concerning the discovery of any type of educational course (online/offline, long/short, scheduled/on-demand). Educational course is defined as "some sequence of events and/or creative works which aims to build the knowledge, competence or ability of learners". (Out of scope: information about students and their progression etc; information needed internally for course management rather than discovery).

-- https://www.w3.org/community/schema-course-extend/

Products:

[x] DOC: "Schema.org: Online Courses" [Schema] (@vholland, et al.) https://goo.gl/2Sxxy3
- Thing > Intangible > Course
- Thing > Intangible > CourseSection
- Thing > Event > EducationEvent
- [UPDATE]
- [{ }] Thing > Intangible > Course
- [{ }] Thing > CreativeWork > Course
- [{ }] Thing > Product > Course
[x] DOC: "Schema for Courses" [Use Cases] (@philbarker, et al.) https://goo.gl/DnTTsb
- [x] https://www.w3.org/community/schema-course-extend/wiki/Outline_use_cases
[x] ENH: data/ext/course/course.rdfa -- Course extension RDFa
[ ] ENH: data/ext/course/course-course-examples.txt -- course extension examples
[ ] TST: equiv of make test and make build
[ ] DOC: release notes
[x] DOC: blog post: http://blog.schema.org/

Examples:

Discussion Mailing List Threads:

Use Cases / Potential Implementors (Culled from the Mailing List):

https://www.khanacademy.org/
http://ocw.mit.edu/
http://www.ieee.org/portal/innovate/products/educational/
http://www.acm.org/education/curricula/ComputerScience2008.pdf
https://www.udacity.com/
https://www.edx.org/
https://www.coursera.org/
- https://www.coursera.org/course/datascitoolbox * Proposal Example
http://www.edumine.com/
https://www.futurelearn.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_learning_management_systems
[University] Course Catalogs contain prerequisites and matriculation requirements
US Primary education standards: http://www.corestandards.org/ "Common Core"
- This could potentially be extremely useful for discovering useful curriculum resources
https://developers.google.com/edu/curriculumsearch/ (educationalAlignment -> "Course")
https://www.class-central.com/
- https://github.com/dhawalhshah/class-central/blob/master/src/ClassCentral/SiteBundle/Resources/views/Default/courses.table.html.twig
- https://github.com/dhawalhshah/class-central/blob/master/src/ClassCentral/SiteBundle/Resources/views/Course/mooc.html.twig
https://github.com/edx/

Release notes:

westurner commented 9 years ago

What is missing or could be added?

From http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-vocabs/2014Feb/0130.html :

Properties:

derivedFrom/previousIncantation property could also be helpful.

prerequisite/buildsUpon/suggestedPrerequisite properties would be great.

Types for these properties would need to be <Course >.

... This would then form a graph of Course s and/or OnlineCourse s.

westurner commented 9 years ago

Also from http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-vocabs/2014Feb/0130.html :

Classes:

CourseSection

Possible properties for a CourseSection:

/ / ?
with something like https://schema.org/openingHours , one could generate a schedule/calendar

parklize commented 9 years ago

Now in the example, EducationEvent that already exist in schema.org (which has many properties like startDate, endDate)is being used for describing CourseSection.

It will be more clear by using new Type like CourseSection, but then we need to think more general type like Section.

vholland commented 9 years ago

I am trying to pull together the various threads and have put together a modified proposal that:

Supports Courses (online and off)
Supports sections of courses

Please take a look at https://docs.google.com/document/d/12YWjLzZC8FiTiOwSAETRIEozeqZdn6O8a4fgqK4t5Ss/edit?usp=sharing

parklize commented 9 years ago

Thanks:)

danbri commented 9 years ago

Email: parklize@gmail.com

stuartasutton commented 9 years ago

CourseSession and CourseSection are totally different beasts. A Course may have many CourseSections and CourseSections may have many CourseSessions. For example, at the Univ. of Washington (Seattle) there is a course in the University inventory (catalog) called "Metadata Design Studio". This spring quarter, there are two CourseSections of this Course (SLN 15343 and SLN 15344). This week, (the section I teach) SLN 15344 is in the second CourseSession of the spring quarter. I am less concerned about what Coursera and the Stanfod MOOC call things than with the pattern that holds in the nomenclature of thousands of colleges and universities--at least in the U.S.

philbarker commented 9 years ago

hello. I have been thinking about the scope and use cases for this proposal. The discussion above starts with a bullet point referring to "online courses" but I think we have gone beyond that. Also I can see lots of potential implementers above, but nothing about use cases that relate to what a user might want to do. My initial ideas are at http://goo.gl/DnTTsb I would welcome comments/corrections. Apologies if they are sketchy, I wanted to share early rather than make unwarranted assumptions.

philbarker commented 9 years ago

hello. I have fleshed out the ideas I mentioned before for more specific scope and use cases, still in google doc at http://goo.gl/DnTTsb . Any comments? I think it would be useful to compare the proposals to these use cases and some examples, but it'ls also be good to have some agreement that the use cases are valid and nothing major is missing before doing that.

Is a google doc the best place to do this, would you rather have it on github somewhere?

westurner commented 9 years ago

@philbarker I've updated the ticket description w/ the link to your google doc containing use cases for these vocabulary extensions.

I think it would be great to build the tests for these use cases (in JSON-LD, RDFa, or just RDF TTL/N3). (the JSON-LD test suite http://json-ld.org/test-suite/reports/ uses earl for similar reports: http://www.w3.org/TR/EARL10-Schema/ )

philbarker commented 9 years ago

Thanks @westurner . I do intend to cross check the use cases against some of the example courses listed above and in the scoping part of the google doc and against the current proposal. I'm not sure that my technical skills extend to building tests along the lines you point to, or what data there is to test (none yet, or maybe I am misunderstanding?)

westurner commented 9 years ago

Thanks! Really just JSON-LD and RDFa examples that demonstrably (and recordedly) evaluate to valid RDFa.

To be clear, I opened this ticket but by no means should this be construed to indicate leadership on this issue. (It may be helpful to start reaching out for more input from e.g. a registrar's office: I believe we're currently missing a way to represent prerequisite edges) On Jun 1, 2015 4:09 AM, "Phil Barker" notifications@github.com wrote:

Thanks @westurner https://github.com/westurner . I do intend to cross check the use cases against some of the example courses listed above and in the scoping part of the google doc and against the current proposal. I'm not sure that my technical skills extend to building tests along the lines you point to, or what data there is to test (none yet, or maybe I am misunderstanding?)

— Reply to this email directly or view it on GitHub https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/195#issuecomment-107376617 .

danbri commented 8 years ago

@westurner - Phil and I had a quick chat about prerequisites last week. He pointed out that we should try to have a mechanism for this which is compatible with our approach to representing learning outcomes. Doing so will make it easier to chain together learning opportunities from a larger pool...

danbri commented 8 years ago

BTW please note that we now have a new W3C Community Group devoted to Course description: https://www.w3.org/community/schema-course-extend/

From schema.org's point of view this issue #195 is probably the best interface between schema.org in general and Course-specific issues, so let's try to keep this issue up to date with any major progress or discussion points, even if more activity moves into the new and more specific Community Group.

westurner commented 8 years ago

From schema.org's point of view this issue #195 is probably the best interface between schema.org in general and Course-specific issues, so let's try to keep this issue up to date with any major progress or discussion points, even if more activity moves into the new and more specific Community Group

| Project: https://www.w3.org/community/schema-course-extend/

| MailingList: https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-schema-course-extend/ "by thread"

danbri commented 8 years ago

I've posted a snapshot of the current community group design in the pending extension, http://webschemas.org/docs/releases.html#g195 ... at this stage without examples. The source was https://github.com/philbarker/schemaorg-1/tree/feature/ext-course/data/ext/course

For more about "pending" (a new development) see http://webschemas.org/docs/howwework.html#pending

danbri commented 8 years ago

I've updated the version in pending so that grantsCredential does not reference a non-existent "Credential" type (and we have updated our unit tests to run against the extension schemas so bugs like that won't slip past in future). However I would encourage use of other terms here, as talk of granting credentials may sound like a crypto protocol to non-educationalists.

westurner commented 8 years ago

Why not add Intangible > Credential CreativeWork > Credential Credential > Certificate > Diploma ?

There is a need for a base Credential type in schemed, as well: https://github.com/twamarc/ScheMed/issues/34#issuecomment-213594529

At a later time, it may make perfectly good sense to add as subclasses of Credential:

...
SSLCertificate
GPGKey
SSHKey
WebID
...

On Friday, May 20, 2016, Dan Brickley <notifications@github.com javascript:_e(%7B%7D,'cvml','notifications@github.com');> wrote:

I've updated the version in pending so that grantsCredential does not reference a non-existent "Credential" type (and we have updated our unit tests to run against the extension schemas so bugs like that won't slip past in future). However I would encourage use of other terms here, as talk of granting credentials may sound like a crypto protocol to non-educationalists.

— You are receiving this because you were mentioned. Reply to this email directly or view it on GitHub https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/195#issuecomment-220588244

westurner commented 8 years ago

To focus more on modeling Offers for Services and a Product, IDK how to do:

Credential > Degree
Credential > Diploma

On Friday, May 20, 2016, Wes Turner wes.turner@gmail.com wrote:

Why not add Intangible > Credential CreativeWork > Credential Credential > Certificate > Diploma ?

There is a need for a base Credential type in schemed, as well: https://github.com/twamarc/ScheMed/issues/34#issuecomment-213594529

At a later time, it may make perfectly good sense to add as subclasses of Credential:

...

SSLCertificate

GPGKey

SSHKey

WebID

...

On Friday, May 20, 2016, Dan Brickley notifications@github.com wrote:

I've updated the version in pending so that grantsCredential does not reference a non-existent "Credential" type (and we have updated our unit tests to run against the extension schemas so bugs like that won't slip past in future). However I would encourage use of other terms here, as talk of granting credentials may sound like a crypto protocol to non-educationalists.

— You are receiving this because you were mentioned. Reply to this email directly or view it on GitHub https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/195#issuecomment-220588244

danbri commented 8 years ago

I don't see SSLCertificate, GPGKey etc and Degree, Diploma having a lot in common. I have a degree from the University of Bristol, and numerous SSLCertificates from various sources, but they do not have much in common. Let's please not mix anything crypto-related casually into other topics. I don't often express strong opinions on schema design here but on this issue I'm pretty sure we would quickly come to regret such an entangling of issues.

Dataliberate commented 8 years ago

+1

However the raising of this highlights the need to choose term names with care to avoid future confusion and wrong assumptions.

~Richard

On 21 May 2016, at 08:15, Dan Brickley notifications@github.com wrote:

I don't see SSLCertificate, GPGKey etc and Degree, Diploma having a lot in common. I have a degree from the University of Bristol, and numerous SSLCertificates from various sources, but they do not have much in common. Let's please not mix anything crypto-related casually into other topics. I don't often express strong opinions on schema design here but on this issue I'm pretty sure we would quickly come to regret such an entangling of issues.

— You are receiving this because you are subscribed to this thread. Reply to this email directly or view it on GitHub

stuartasutton commented 8 years ago

Yes, please, I am with Dan in regards to not doing this kind of mixing/polluting. There is a huge, loosely related set of global verticals made up of for-profit and non-profit credentialing organizations with products as well as millions of people who have earned credentials publicly denoting success in some endeavor.

There is work well underway on development RDF-based, rich description of credentials of these more formal sorts [1]-[2] as well as W3C work on credentials and verifiable claims regarding them [3]-[4]. Let's do keep these more formal (and widely) used notion of credential distinct from "anything crypto-related". There are hopes within CTI that a light-weight version of the work at [1]-[2] will form the basis for a Credential type within schema.org.

Stuart

[1] http://www.credentialtransparencyinitiative.org/ [2] http://www.credreg.net/ [3] https://www.w3.org/community/credentials/ [4] https://www.w3.org/Payments/IG/wiki/Main_Page/ProposalsQ42015/VerifiableClaimsTaskForce

On Sat, May 21, 2016 at 12:15 AM, Dan Brickley notifications@github.com wrote:

I don't see SSLCertificate, GPGKey etc and Degree, Diploma having a lot in common. I have a degree from the University of Bristol, and numerous SSLCertificates from various sources, but they do not have much in common. Let's please not mix anything crypto-related casually into other topics. I don't often express strong opinions on schema design here but on this issue I'm pretty sure we would quickly come to regret such an entangling of issues.

— You are receiving this because you are subscribed to this thread. Reply to this email directly or view it on GitHub https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/195#issuecomment-220763288

westurner commented 8 years ago

@danbri

I don't see SSLCertificate, GPGKey etc and Degree, Diploma having a lot in common.

These are all types of credentials.

A Key is a Credential.
A Certificate is a Credential.
A Diploma is a certificate (which references a Degree)
A Degree is a Credential.

At this time, we have no Creative-Commons schema.org way to define Credential > {Certificate, Degree}.

Use Cases ( @philbarker ) :

(Online) Course providers can list Credentials {Certificates, } which can be earned by satisfactorily passing an Offered Course.
Educational Organizations can list Degrees which they Offer.

...

(Out of scope, but still logically deriving from a base Credential class):

A Credential may be cryptographically signed (e.g. by a PKI)
- In which case, there must be:
- a field for the hash
- a field for a fingerprint
- a field for the signingAuthority Person/Organization
- schema.org/Person / schema.org/Organization URL (schema.org/url // rdf:subject) and/or denormalized metadata for signing
- OpenBadges works today.
- https://github.com/openbadges/openbadges-specification/issues/9
  - [x] JWS in JSONLD
  - [ ] JWS in RDFa

I believe a preliminarily defined Credential > Degree is in scope for this effort in order to define a rdfs:range of grantsCredential.

Blocking objectives for Schema.org Course Extension

It doesn't make sense to release Course until we can also describe the Credential which can be earned from a given Course.
It doesn't make sense to release Course until we can also describe physicalAccessibilityFeature (edit: accessibilityPhysicalFeature https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/254 ) for Courses (as well as Events, Places, and -- arguably -- CreativeWorks)
(Implementers aren't going to want to go back and re-work this into the public-facing HTML RDFa templates for Courses (and Degrees) which can be generated from a student/course information system)

...

@stuartasutton

Credential [...] Questions for researching potential/ideal implementations of schema.org/Credential and e.g. schema.org/Degree:

Are you open to Creative Commons as a license [hard schema.org requirement]?

Are you open / friendly to other application implementations?

Is the/your application open source? (link to source: ____; early and often)

Do you [already] solve for DegreeProgram?

(DegreeProgram will/would require conditionals)

stuartasutton commented 8 years ago

On Sat, May 21, 2016 at 5:54 AM, Wes Turner notifications@github.com wrote:

I believe a preliminarily defined Credential > Degree is in scope for this effort in order to define a rdfs:range of grantsCredential.

I believe the rdfs:range (schema:rangeIncludes) of grantsCredential should remain Credential. Degree is one subclass of Credential that could be applicable in the context of an instance of Course; but, not the only one. See https://github.com/CredentialTransparencyInitiative/vocabularies/blob/master/credentialType.ttl. A number of these subclasses could be applicable to Course.

@stuartasutton https://github.com/stuartasutton

If you mean by "you" the CTI initiative (which is not me), the following responses hold:

Credential [...] Questions for researching potential/ideal implementations of schema.org/Credential and e.g. schema.org/Degree:

Are you open to Creative Commons as a license [hard schema.org requirement]?

Creative Commons licensing is not a "hard requirement". The CTI specifications under development will all have open licenses (e.g., https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Are you open / friendly to other application implementations?

Absolutely. There are a number of 3rd party implementers advising the CTI work because they know that that work is open from the start and is intended to spur a marketplace of applications. While CTI, under its grant funding, is developing a Credential Registry (also to be openly licensed) and a set of applications for interacting with it (also open), there are no illusions that it will be the only credential registry or the only set of applications developed that will act on data based on the Credential Transparency Description Language (CTDL). So, it is very open to the developer community as part of its strategy for long-term sustainability.

Is the/your application open source? (link to source: ____; early and often)

Not yet. But it will be (on GitHub) when there is something to put in front of people. The applications and the Credential Registry are in early stages of development. It's too early to know whether CTI will maintain an actual open source community (not easy to do); but, it is not too early to know that the code base for the apps CTI is developing under its grant funding will be openly available through GitHub.

Do you [already] solve for DegreeProgram?

(DegreeProgram will/would require conditionals)

If you mean that an instance of Credential (or one of its subclasses) stems from a degree program (obviously, not all do), then the conditions for granting the degree are within scope.

— You are receiving this because you were mentioned. Reply to this email directly or view it on GitHub https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/195#issuecomment-220776363

westurner commented 8 years ago

Can we define Credential and Degree today? Or, are we blocked pending a partial third-party implementation?
IIUC, CC-By-SA [3.0,] is a hard (viral) requirement for schema.org and contributions From https://schema.org/docs/terms.html :

Scope of Terms of Services; License These Terms of Service govern your use of the Website, which contains a schema specifying a vocabulary you can use. The Sponsors' copyrights in the schema are licensed to website publishers and other third parties under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (version 3.0). To view a copy of this license, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. The Sponsors have applied the W3C Patent Policy to the schemas published by Schema.org as follows: each Sponsor, by itself and on behalf of its affiliates, agrees to make available under W3C RF licensing requirements its Essential Claims (if any) in the schemas published by Schema.org as if the schemas were W3C Recommendations. In some cases, this website may indicate that some but not all of the Sponsors have recognized a particular extension to the Schema; in those cases, as to that extension, the above rights are granted by only those recognizing Sponsors.
From https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/4.0_upgrade_guidelines :
Existing content:
- Who owns the rights?
  - If the publisher, then can relicense under 4.0 as specified above.
  - If the contributors, then need permission to relicense. Without permission (via terms of use or otherwise), then that content remains under prior version. [If this is the case, see the section below about dealing with mixed-version content.]
  - A couple of options for obtaining permission to relicense:
  - upon upload by contributors, have a prompt box to obtain agreement to relicense previous uploads;
  - general outreach to contributors seeking agreement to upgrade. [Note that this is easier to do with discrete artifacts (an article, a photo) as opposed to other contributions such as comments on wikis and similar, where one person's contribution is intermixed with others.]

westurner commented 8 years ago

I believe the rdfs:range (schema:rangeIncludes) of grantsCredential should remain Credential. Degree is one subclass of Credential that could be applicable in the context of an instance of Course; but, not the only one.

@danbri

Is this the file I should be appending to now? (IDK how to maintain the revision log when git mv'ing files around in a git repository): https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/blob/sdo-deimos/data/ext/pending/issue-195.rdfa#L120 (was: https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/pull/972/commits )
- I ask because from here https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/195#issuecomment-220588244
I've updated the version in pending so that grantsCredential does not reference a non-existent "Credential" type

Where is this change?
I think we still need to do the  part except actually it's now {Intangible || CreativeWork?} > Credential > {Certificate, Degree}

westurner commented 8 years ago

(IDK how to maintain the revision log when git mv'ing files around in a git repository)

If you include either a complete URL to a revision when copy-pasting OR just a shortrev, GitHub will include the link in the commit message (in order to maintain traceability between PR branches, commits, etc)

Two ways to print the shortrev (to keep commit messages usable and minimal):

git log --abbrev-commit
git rev-parse --short HEAD

URL: https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/commit/62086c8d6658e7e7ebed8993930ad1ba8ea2b4df
URL: https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/commit/62086c8d6658e7e7ebed8993930ad1ba8ea2b4df
shortrev: 62086c8 (first 7 characters)

So GitHub would linkify a commit message like:

Added a first snapshot of the ongoing courses work. (from 62086c8 )

Edit:

... Because now IDK which of these PR commits need to be merged over

philbarker commented 8 years ago

Personally I am quite happy with the term name Credential. It doesn't immediately suggest anything crypto to me (I think the wikipedia article gets the coverage about right[1])

I also think that any meaningful alternative I can think of has similar problems. The best I can think of is grantsAward -- is anyone happier with that?

I also don't think that the course extension work is a good place to try to pin down a controlled vocabulary of all the possible Awards.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credential

westurner commented 8 years ago

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credential

Minimally, should this initial Credential RDFS class be derivative of Intangible or of CreativeWork?:

OR
- Thing > Intangible > Credential
- Thing > CreativeWork > Credential

Are there any base properties which are specific to Credential? I would think that there would then, eventually, from a different schema.org extension group, be a CryptographicCredential (where x.509 attributes may cover for most other formats: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.509#Structure_of_a_certificate (though, again, this is not yet in scope for academic credentialing, pending the recommendations of the CTI and credreg))

Brainstorming eventual Credential types:

Credential
- Certificate
- Certification
- Degree
- Diploma (Degree)
- MedicalSpecialty / MedicalCredential (https://github.com/twamarc/ScheMed/issues/34)

ottonomy commented 8 years ago

Excited to see some work on this. Came over from https://github.com/openbadges/openbadges-specification/issues/9 as I was doing a little pruning.

Would be worth paying attention to the VCTF discussion of denoting their class proposal as "WebCredential" or "DigitalCredential" to make it more specific and differentiate from more general approaches to "Credential", like schema.org is likely to take.

I'd probably lean toward grouping Credential under CreativeWork.

@stuartasutton may know more on proposed types for credentials. The CTI meeting from a week ago previewed the first snippet of a list of proposed types, but I wasn't able to find the list on GitHub as was hinted.

stuartasutton commented 8 years ago

@ottonomy, my sense of this is that schema.org/Credential is correct since it aligns with the CTI definition as the CreativeWork that describes the thing created by a credentialing entity (of any sort) with the intention that it be awarded. The VCTF context uses the (class name still under consideration) "TBD Credential" as a verifiable set of claims. A somewhat subtle but very significant difference.

CTI has a (unstable) set of subclasses for Credential as well as an (equally unstable) enumeration of credential types of concern to CTI at https://github.com/CredentialTransparencyInitiative/vocabularies/blob/master/credentialType.ttl

+1 for Credential as CreativeWork.

westurner commented 8 years ago

https://github.com/CredentialTransparencyInitiative/vocabularies/blob/master/credentialType.ttl

Thanks! Looking forward to learning more here. It would be great if we could get this together for Universities to catalog and implement (probably with spreadsheets) by this fall.

rdf:type ('a', 'is a', 'hasType') || rdf:Property ('hasProperty')

OR (hasProperty credType || hasType CredType) ?
- With schema org RDFS, IIUC, these credType:credential skos:concepts (linked with skos:broader and skos:narrower) would be TitleCased rdfs:Class subclasses of e.g schema:CreativeWork
- Thing
  - CreativeWork
  - Credential
    - Degree
    - AssociateDegree
    - BachelorDegree
    - GraduateDegree
    - DoctoralDegree
- Credential.credType is an rdfs:Property (attribute, predicate) with an rdfs:range of Credential and an rdfs:domain of credType (r: Credential, d: credType)
- Modeling with "hasProperty [IRI]" is less flexible than "hasType [IRI]" because hasProperty assumes that all Credential types have the same attributes.
  - Here that may not be true?
  - e.g. .thesis/.dissertation may be a property of certain degrees (d:{GraduateDegree, DoctoralDegree} r:CreativeWork)
- Modeling with hasProperty is more flexible than hasType because sometimes it doesn't make sense for things to be subclasses of multiple intersecting types.
  - Thing > CreativeWork > Credential > Degree > BachelorDegree
  - Thing > CreativeWork > Credential > Degree > BachelorDegreeInstance

Concept / Instance differentiation

How to differentiate between an offered Credential and an earned instance of a Credential? It would seem that here, as well, we'll need such a distinction?
- A University Offers Degrees and focusAreas
- An Indivdual has a Degree with focusAreas
- DegreeInstance? (REQ: terminology)
  - credType [Degree Enumeration URI]

Degree-specific terminology

schema:about d: https://schema.org/CreativeWork r: https://schema.org/Thing
focusArea

- academicDiscipline

REQ: proper terminology
NOTE: Wikipedia URLs (and dbpedia URIs) make good (human-readable) concept URIs; but are not necessarily stable (because disambiguation)

an example

Thing > CreativeWork > Credential > Degree > BachelorDegree

credType: bachelorDegree / BachelorDegree *
?: Bachelor of Science (BSc, B.Sc., ...)
?: Management Information Systems (MIS)
focusArea: Quantitative Analysis
focusArea: Entrepreneurship

.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree#Computer_science_and_information_systems

westurner commented 8 years ago

Does there need to be another layer here between Credential [... > ...] Degree ?

Because:

Are there other systems of academic credentials?
WebCredential / DigitalCredential ?

danbri commented 8 years ago

Aside, http://blockchain.open.ac.uk/ is worth keeping an eye on.

westurner commented 8 years ago

Aside, http://blockchain.open.ac.uk/ is worth keeping an eye on.

https://Keybase.io/ stores signatures in at least one blockchain; as well as centrally.

https://keybase.io/docs/server_security/merkle_root_in_bitcoin_blockchain

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree (oldid=720708959) :

Suggestions have been made to use hash trees in trusted computing systems.[4] Hash trees are used in the IPFS and ZFS file systems,[5] BitTorrent protocol, Apache Wave protocol,[6] Git distributed revision control system, the Tahoe-LAFS backup system, the Bitcoin peer-to-peer network, the Ethereum peer-to-peer network,[7] the Certificate Transparency framework, and a number of NoSQL systems like Apache Cassandra and Riak

philbarker commented 8 years ago

@westurner "Are there other systems of academic credentials?"

Yes, there are.See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Qualifications_Framework#England.2C_Wales_and_Northern_Ireland for a list of Baccs, Certs, BTECs, Diplomas, Awards, PGCerts etc. in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (Scotland is different)

There is also the whole world of industry awards, e.g. CISCO/Microsoft Certifications but not limited to IT.

Phil

danbri commented 8 years ago

yes, it would be unfortunate if we could only express academic but not vocational qualifications. Also driving licences (for trucking etc.), acting and other fields this can be seen in terms of organisational membership (eg http://www.equity.org.uk/about-us/join-us/how-can-i-join/ http://fia-actors.com/no_cache/about-fia/fia-members/ ). see also https://pending.schema.org/WorkersUnion but also other professional membership structures. On 30 May 2016 1:28 am, "Phil Barker" notifications@github.com wrote:

@westurner https://github.com/westurner "Are there other systems of academic credentials?"

Yes, there are.See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Qualifications_Framework#England.2C_Wales_and_Northern_Ireland for a list of Baccs, Certs, BTECs, Diplomas, Awards, PGCerts etc. in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (Scotland is different)

There is also the whole world of industry awards, e.g. CISCO/Microsoft Certifications but not limited to IT.

Phil

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danbri commented 8 years ago

re credentials, take a look at https://www.google.com/trends/explore#q=credentials

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