fix latest tag not being created and add latest to the dev image as well and go updates

[cpanato]

Summary

• fix latest tag not being created and add latest to the dev image as well
• update cosign to 2.2.4
• update go for the builder image to use 1.21.9

Fixes: https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/issues/3621

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 40.22%. Comparing base (2ef6022) to head (56d263a). Report is 82 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #3664 +/- ## ========================================== + Coverage 40.10% 40.22% +0.11% ========================================== Files 155 157 +2 Lines 10044 10151 +107 ========================================== + Hits 4028 4083 +55 - Misses 5530 5587 +57 + Partials 486 481 -5 ```

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