General housekeeping and go updates

[cpanato]

Summary

• have a dedicated workflow for golangci-lint and add e2e to it
• clean up ci
• bump go to 1.22.5 in go.mod
• update release builder to use go1.22.5

Fixes: https://github.com/sigstore/cosign/issues/3760 (for golangci job)

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 36.71%. Comparing base (2ef6022) to head (bfcdbc7). Report is 144 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #3765 +/- ## ========================================== - Coverage 40.10% 36.71% -3.39% ========================================== Files 155 200 +45 Lines 10044 12283 +2239 ========================================== + Hits 4028 4510 +482 - Misses 5530 7223 +1693 - Partials 486 550 +64 ```

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