PHP OOP Concepts Assignment.

[Rimsha-Arain]

PHP OOP Concepts Assignment. Requirements and Tasks: Abstract Class and Methods:

Requirement: Create an abstract class LibraryItem with abstract methods getTitle and getType. Task: Define the abstract class LibraryItem and implement these abstract methods in the classes Book, Magazine, and DVD. Interfaces:

Requirement: Define an interface Borrowable with methods borrowItem and returnItem. Task: Implement the Borrowable interface in the Book, Magazine, and DVD classes. Classes and Objects:

Requirement: Create a Library class that manages LibraryItem objects. Task: Implement methods in the Library class to add items and list all items. Constructors and Destructors:

Requirement: Implement constructors in Book, Magazine, and DVD classes to initialize the title and type. Add a destructor to demonstrate its use. Task: Write constructors for Book, Magazine, and DVD classes, and add a destructor to one of these classes. Inheritance:

Requirement: Ensure Book, Magazine, and DVD classes inherit common properties and methods from LibraryItem. Task: Use inheritance to implement shared properties and methods in LibraryItem and extend these classes. Methods:

Requirement: Implement methods to add items, list items, and handle borrowing and returning items. Task: Add methods in the Library class for these functionalities. Properties and Methods:

Requirement: Use properties to store item information in LibraryItem. Implement getter and setter methods. Task: Define properties and their respective getter and setter methods in LibraryItem. Static Methods and Properties:

Requirement: Add a static property to track the total number of items in the library. Create static methods to get and set this property. Task: Implement the static property and methods in LibraryItem. Traits:

Requirement: Create a trait DigitalCopy with a method getDigitalCopy. Task: Use the DigitalCopy trait in a new class EBook that extends Book. Submission: Submit the following:

PHP files for all classes, interfaces, and traits. A main PHP script demonstrating the use of these classes, adding items, borrowing, and returning items. Comments explaining the code and OOP concepts used. Deadline:5 Oct 7pm

[maaryum1998-shaikh]

<?php // Trait DigitalCopy with the method getDigitalCopy trait DigiCopy{ public function getDigitalCopy() { return "This is a digital copy of '{$this->getTitle()}'.
"; } }

// Abstract class LibraryItem with abstract methods abstract class LibraryItem { protected $Title; protected $Type;

// Static property to track total number of items private static $totalItems = 0;

// Constructor to initialize title and type
public function __construct($Title, $Type)
{
    $this->setTitle($Title);
    $this->setType($Type);
    self::incrementTotalItems();
}

// Abstract methods to be implemented by subclasses
abstract public function getTitle();
abstract public function getType();

// Getter and Setter for Title public function getTitleProperty(){ return $this->Title; } public function setTitle($Title){ if (empty($Title)){ throw new Exception("Title cannot be empty"); } $this->Title=$Title;

}

//Getter and Setter for Type public function getTypeProperty(){ return $this->Type; } public function setType($Type) { $allowedTypes = ['Book', 'Magazine', 'DVD']; if (!in_array($Type, $allowedTypes)) { throw new Exception("Invalid type. Allowed types are: " . implode(", ", $allowedTypes)); } $this->Type = $Type; }

// Static method to increment the total number of items public static function incrementTotalItems() { self::$totalItems++; }

// Static method to get the total number of items public static function getTotalItems() { return self::$totalItems; } } // Interface Borrowable with methods borrowItem and returnItem interface Borrowable { public function borrowItem(); public function returnItem(); }

// Class Book implementing Borrowable interface and extending LibraryItem class Book extends LibraryItem implements Borrowable { // Constructor to initialize title and set type as 'Book' private $Borrowed = false;

  public function __construct($Title){
  parent::__construct($Title, "Book");}

    // Destructor to demonstrate its use
public function __destruct()
{
    echo "Book'{$this->Title}' is being destroyed .<br>";
}

// Implementing abstract methods from LibraryItem
public function getTitle()
{
    return $this->Title;
}

public function getType()
{
    return $this->Type;
}

// Implementing methods from Borrowable interface
public function BorrowItem()
{
  if (!$this->Borrowed){
    $this->Borrowed =true;
    return "Book '{$this->Title}' has been borrowed" . "\n" . "<br>";
  }
  return "Book '{$this->Title}' is already borrowed" . "\n" . "<br>";
}
public function returnItem()
{

  if ($this->Borrowed){
    $this->Borrowed =false;
    return "Book '{$this->Title}' has been returned\n" . "<br>";
  }
  return "\nBook '{$this->Title}' wasn't borrowed\n". "<br>";
}

}

// Class EBook that extends Book and uses the DigitalCopy trait class EBook extends Book{ use DigiCopy; // Use the trait

// Constructor to initialize title and set type as 'EBook' public function construct($Title) { parent::construct($Title); }}

// Class Magazine implementing Borrowable interface and extending LibraryItem class Magazine extends LibraryItem implements Borrowable { private $Borrowed = false;

// Constructor to initialize title and set type as 'Magazine' public function construct($Title) { parent::construct($Title, "Magazine"); }

// Implementing abstract methods from LibraryItem
public function getType()
{
    return $this->Type;
}

public function getTitle()
{
    return $this->Title;
}

// Implementing borrowItem and returnItem from Borrowable interface
public function BorrowItem()
{
  if (!$this->Borrowed){
    $this->Borrowed =true;
    return "\nMagazine '{$this->Title}' has been borrowed" . "<br>";
  }
  return "\nBook '{$this->Title}' is already borrowed" . "<br>";
}
public function returnItem()
{

  if (!$this->Borrowed){
    $this->Borrowed =false;
    return "\nMagazine '{$this->Title}' has been returned\n". "<br>";
  }
  return "\nMagazine '{$this->Title}' wasn't borrowed\n" . "<br>";

}

}

// Class DVD implementing Borrowable interface and extending LibraryItem class DVD extends LibraryItem implements Borrowable {private $borrowed = false; // Constructor to initialize title and set type as 'DVD' public function construct($Title) { parent::construct($Title, "DVD"); }

// Implementing abstract methods from LibraryItem
public function getTitle()
{
    return $this->Title;
}

public function getType()
{
    return $this->Type;
}

// Implementing Borrowable methods public function borrowItem() { if (!$this->borrowed) { $this->borrowed = true; return "\nDVD '{$this->Title}' has been borrowed.\n" . "
"; } return "\nDVD '{$this->Title}' is already borrowed.\n". "
"; }

public function returnItem() { if ($this->borrowed) { $this->borrowed = false; return "\nDVD '{$this->Title}' has been returned.\n" . "
"; } return "\nDVD '{$this->Title}' wasn't borrowed.\n". "
"; } }

// Library class to manage LibraryItem objects class Library { private $items = [];

// Method to add a LibraryItem object to the library 
public function addItem(LibraryItem $item)
{
    $this->items[] = $item;
}

// Methods to list all LibraryItem objects in the Library
public function listItem()
{
    foreach ($this->items as $item) {
        echo "<br><br>" . "Title: " . $item->getTitle() . ", Type: " . $item->getType() . "<br>";
    }
}

// Method to borrow an item by title public function borrowItem($title) { foreach ($this->items as $item) { if ($item->getTitle() === $title && $item instanceof Borrowable) { return $item->borrowItem(); } } return "Item '{$title}' not found or not borrowable."; }

// Method to return an item by title public function returnItem($title) { foreach ($this->items as $item) { if ($item->getTitle() === $title && $item instanceof Borrowable) { return $item->returnItem(); } } return "Item '{$title}' not found or not returnable."; } }

// Creating a Library instance $library = new Library();

// Creating Book, Magazine, and DVD objects $Book = new Book("To Kill a Mockingbird"); echo $Book->borrowItem(); echo $Book->returnItem();

$magazine = new Magazine("National Geographic"); echo $magazine->borrowItem(); echo $magazine->returnItem();

$dvd = new DVD("The Matrix"); echo $dvd->borrowItem(); echo $dvd->returnItem();

// Adding items to the Library $library->addItem($Book); $library->addItem($magazine); $library->addItem($dvd);

// Listing all items in the library echo $library->listItem() . "\n";

// Demonstrate destructor (when object is unset) unset($Book); // Explicitly call destructor for demonstration

// Show total items after unset (since static property is still intact) echo "Total items in the library: " . LibraryItem::getTotalItems() . "\n";

// Creating an EBook instance $eBook = new EBook("Digital Marketing 101"); echo $eBook->borrowItem(); echo $eBook->getDigitalCopy(); echo $eBook->returnItem(); ?>