[c++] Support writes when attaching `Query` to `ColumnBuffer`

[nguyenv]

Issue and/or context:

https://github.com/single-cell-data/TileDB-SOMA/pull/2975

This is the third of multiple PRs that will be split out from above

Changes:

• Replace this in ManagedQuery::set_column_data and move the steps into ColumnBuffer::attach_subarray (for writing dimension on dense arrays) and ColumnBuffer::attach_buffer (for all other cases)
• Condense ColumnBuffer::set_data into a templated function that only accepts uint64_t and uint32_t

Notes for Reviewer:

The changes aren't actually used by SOMAArray yet in this PR

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 89.87%. Comparing base (7039921) to head (8cf8f09). Report is 6 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #2983 +/- ## ========================================== + Coverage 89.73% 89.87% +0.14% ========================================== Files 39 39 Lines 4080 4080 ========================================== + Hits 3661 3667 +6 + Misses 419 413 -6 ``` | [Flag](https://app.codecov.io/gh/single-cell-data/TileDB-SOMA/pull/2983/flags?src=pr&el=flags&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=single-cell-data) | Coverage Δ | | |---|---|---| | [python](https://app.codecov.io/gh/single-cell-data/TileDB-SOMA/pull/2983/flags?src=pr&el=flag&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=single-cell-data) | `89.87% <ø> (+0.14%)` | :arrow_up: | Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. [Click here](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/carryforward-flags?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=single-cell-data#carryforward-flags-in-the-pull-request-comment) to find out more. | [Components](https://app.codecov.io/gh/single-cell-data/TileDB-SOMA/pull/2983/components?src=pr&el=components&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=single-cell-data) | Coverage Δ | | |---|---|---| | [python_api](https://app.codecov.io/gh/single-cell-data/TileDB-SOMA/pull/2983/components?src=pr&el=component&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=single-cell-data) | `89.87% <ø> (+0.14%)` | :arrow_up: | | [libtiledbsoma](https://app.codecov.io/gh/single-cell-data/TileDB-SOMA/pull/2983/components?src=pr&el=component&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=single-cell-data) | `∅ <ø> (∅)` | |