feat: Add Airflow 2.10.2 to tests

[NickLarsenNZ]

Part of https://github.com/stackabletech/docker-images/issues/847

Add Airflow 2.10.2 to tests and docs (except getting_started).

[!NOTE] @sbernauer and I discussed whether the experimental version should be listed as latest, or even included in the general test run. We decided on adding it, and if it proves problematic, we can remove it again.

Description

Please add a description here. This will become the commit message of the merge request later.

Definition of Done Checklist

• Not all of these items are applicable to all PRs, the author should update this template to only leave the boxes in that are relevant
• Please make sure all these things are done and tick the boxes

# Author
- [x] Helm chart can be installed and deployed operator works
- [x] Integration tests passed (for non trivial changes)

# Reviewer
- [x] (Integration-)Test cases added
- [x] Documentation added or updated. Follows the [style guide](https://docs.stackable.tech/home/nightly/contributor/docs/style-guide).
- [x] Changelog updated

[sbernauer]

IDK if this is ready4review, we should also update https://github.com/stackabletech/airflow-operator/blob/main/docs/modules/airflow/partials/supported-versions.adoc

[NickLarsenNZ]

IDK if this is ready4review, we should also update https://github.com/stackabletech/airflow-operator/blob/main/docs/modules/airflow/partials/supported-versions.adoc

Yes it is ready for review. I purposely left it out, but I can add it in and put (experimental) next to it?

---

Done in 7f5ce5f0bdd90bac6ed197727af4bfa615f527d2. I left getting_started at the LTS version.