Decompose VM instantiation costs and add module cache

[graydon]

This is a sketch of the first step in the plan for addressing #1292 and eventually #827 and #1313, namely:

• add a bunch of cost types that decompose the current "worst case" VM instantiation cost type
• continue to charge the worst case on initial contract upload
• store the decomposed cost-type inputs in the ledger, since we can observe them after the initial upload parse
• use those decomposed cost-type inputs when doing runtime instantiation
• add a module cache
• populate the module cache with all modules on host startup
• use cached modules during instantiation

This PR has accompanying changes in XDR and wasmi:

• https://github.com/stellar/stellar-xdr/pull/177
• https://github.com/stellar/rs-stellar-xdr/pull/346

Remaining to do:

• [x] determine what the correct set of decomposed cost types even is
• [ ] ~add more code to wasmi to enable observing more inputs~
• [x] add cost-type runners / calibrations for all the decomposed cost-types
• [x] protocol-gate this new behaviour
• [x] make the linker-loop do less work to match the tighter cost model (i.e. complete #1292)
• [x] possibly duplicate the set of cost types added here, so we have a cached and uncached version of each, and implement a solution to #827
• [ ] possibly decompose the set sufficiently to model what will happen when we take wasmi 0.32 and enable lazy translation (i.e. complete #1313)

[graydon]

Updated significantly:

• Does intra-tx caching
• Does minimal linking
• Splits parsing from instantiation to, I think, be more ready for wasmi 0.9
• Drives parser manually to get refined costs rather than delegating to wasmi
• Added calibration and expanded refined costs a bit more
• Added checks for complexity of const exprs
• Protocol gated
• feature="next" gated

This is getting close to where I want to merge it, I think it's a fairly good set of perf wins.

[graydon]

Updated to address all comments (and all revisions from CAP review process today)

[jayz22]

Added https://github.com/stellar/rs-soroban-env/issues/1374 to follow up on setting up ModuleCache, calibrating its cost, and charging for it in the hit path.