cmake,scripts: Improve thrust detection and upgrade used version in CI

[stotko]

Thrust has been merged together with libcudacxx and CUB into the CUDA C++ Core Libraries (CCCL). Furthermore, thrust 2.X now requires libcudacxx, so our current way of detecting thrust may be incomplete. Extend Findthrust.cmake to account for this new scenario and upgrade the thrust version used in the CI to stay up to date.

Although CCCL 2.4.0 is the newest version, we employ 2.2.0 as there are some outstanding compiler issues with CUDA 12.4+ (which comes with such a more recent version).

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 97.33%. Comparing base (3cd032b) to head (383fa48).

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## master #420 +/- ## ======================================= Coverage 97.33% 97.33% ======================================= Files 31 31 Lines 2512 2512 ======================================= Hits 2445 2445 Misses 67 67 ```

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