Select "Last 7 days" etc on `st.date_input`

[jrieke]

Checklist

• [X] I have searched the existing issues for similar feature requests.
• [X] I added a descriptive title and summary to this issue.

Summary

It would be cool if st.date_input showed some little buttons or a dropdown where you can select "Last 7 days", "Last 30 days", "Last year", etc.

Why?

Makes it a bit more convenient to select common date ranges.

How?

I think we can just add this on the frontend, probably don't need an API to customize it. BaseWeb already supports this but via a dropdown, which has a bit awkward UI. We should probably only allow this if you can actually select a date range, not just a single date.

Additional Context

No response

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