Fix build on newer Ubuntu, add CI tests with g++ 11, Clang 14

[runejuhl]

This PR fixes builds under Ubuntu 22.04 and adds CI tests for g++ 11 and Clang 14. It also updates the existing CI jobs so that they run after the upstream images have been changed to have earlier compiler versions removed.

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[runejuhl]

@rockhouse seems like appleclang 10 CI failed due to changes in upstream tooling/images?

xcrun: error: missing DEVELOPER_DIR path: /Applications/Xcode_10.3.app/Contents/Developer

Any idea how to fix this?

[rockhouse]

You can remove the macos workflow with name appleclang-10.0.1 as it is not available anymore in the macos-latest image. Then it should be fine. Also looked at the rest of your PR and happy to merge it but please also update the README regarding covered compilers!