Docker build fixes

[dqian3]

Hi, I was trying to get this repository working for the NYU Advanced Database Systems class, and was running into a number of issues getting the Docker build to work.

Here is a summary of the changes I made:

• Changed the Dockerfile to use WORKDIR and COPY instead of cloning from Github (so local changes are reflected in the image)
• Clang 14 => Clang 18 (fixed some compiler bugs)
• Run duckdb_install.py as part of docker build (fixes issue with duckdb headers not being found)
• Remove some included libraries that couldn't be found by the linker, but don't seem to be needed
  • Note, the libraries (libbat and libmonetdbsql) are in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/, but are there are libbat-11.51.3.so and libmonetdbsql-11.51.3.so. I also manually symlinked these to libbat.so and libmonetdbsql.so and that also works, but removing them was simpler.

With these changes, prompt.py seems to work; I get a prompt and am able to run some instructions. However, when it comes to the actual AQuery and SQL statements, there seem to issues, which I will post in a separate issue.

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[dqian3]

Still having an issue within the prompt: #8