ci: integrate golangci-lint with new workflow

[supitsdu]

Tasks

• [x] Renamed .github/workflows/go.yml to go-standards.yml
• [x] Integrated golangci-lint into the Go Standards workflow
• [x] Updated golangci-lint configuration to optimize for CI workflows
• [x] Added comments and detailed explanations to the workflow and configuration files
• [x] Utilized latest GitHub actions versions, including actions/upload-artifact@v4

This commit aims to enhance code quality checks by incorporating comprehensive linting and ensuring compatibility with the latest GitHub actions.