Support for Ubuntu 24.04, 23.10, Fedora 39, Debian 12

[adam-fowler]

There is a PR for adding this to the install script, but now we have moved most of the install code into the swiftly binary we should add this support to the binary

[vsarunas]

@adam-fowler / @patrickfreed / @cmcgee1024 , do you need any assistance for having Ubuntu 24.04 support?

Or is there a 2 step process; make the #115 available since work has already been done and then remove once swiftly binary is ready to do those steps? https://github.com/swiftlang/swiftly/pull/161 looks to be also be in a similar situation.

[cmcgee1024]

@vsarunas updates to the pull request is welcome and/or new pull requests are welcome.

There are several places in the code that would need to be changed to add Ubuntu 24.04 support. We're hoping to make it easier to manage this in the future using swift.org API. For now, I would use Ubuntu 22.04 as a guide to add 24.04. Some key areas to update:

• Add a new static for it to PlatformDefinition to signal support
• Add a prompt and auto-detection for it in Sources/Linux/LinuxPlatform.swift
• Put the list of required system packages for it in Sources/Linux/LinuxPlatform.swift (derived from the docker file sources)
• Use the new static platform definition for the swift.org API handling in Sources/SwiftlyCore/HTTPClient.swift
• Create a new 24.04 docker compose file in docker/
• We still have the old installer shell script in install/ that would need to be updated too for completeness
• Updates to tests to get coverage for the platform in Tests/ and install/tests/