Implement path aliases for components package

[oliverschuerch]

To make imports (of let's say local utils, etc.) simpler, we can add compilerOptions in the tsconfig.json file. This will enable us to do this: import { myUtil } form '@utils/my-util'; instead of this: import { myUtil } form '../../../../utils/my-util';.

### Tasks
- [x] Add path aliases to tsconfig.json where usefull
- [x] Update file imports

[oliverschuerch]

Needed to update stencil to get a fix, which enables the wanted feature: https://github.com/ionic-team/stencil/issues/2319#issuecomment-2037146011

[oliverschuerch]

Duplicates #2881