[component]: Custom text input

[gfellerph]

Description

Create a custom text input web component.

Requirements

• Can have pre- and postfix text (see https://css-tricks.com/auto-growing-inputs-textareas/#aa-other-ideas for ideas on how to auto-grow input fields and textareas)
• Slots for input and label text (maybe someone wants to add (*) to required fields and the star needs to be red or add an info bubble with tooltip/popover -> slot needed instead of a prop)
• Label and input both need to live in the light dom since cross shadow root aria is not a thing yet, but the wrapper web component can help connecting the two with an id/for if it's not already done
• Slot for an icon or action button for datepicker on the right side
• Validation states/icons

Design

https://www.figma.com/design/JIT5AdGYqv6bDRpfBPV8XR/Foundations-%26-Components-Next-Level?node-id=21-168

Tokens

• [ ] Tokens for this component are ready

Tasks

### 💻 Tasks
- [ ] Review Design (All states present? Possible to implement?)
- [ ] Web component implementation
- [ ] Documentation in Storybook
- [ ] Unit tests
- [ ] End to end tests
- [ ] Visual regression tests
- [ ] Design review

[oliverschuerch]

Have a look at the POC, which has been done for this.