refactor(std/sdk/llvm): 2-stage LLVM build with LTO

[deciduously]

This PR improves the LLVM SDK build in the following ways:

• Performs a 2-stage bootstrapping build
• Utilizes CMake cache files instead of CLI arguments for most configuration
• Includes the zlib and terminfo dependencies, which were omitted previously due to build failures
• Utilizes the distribution build and install targets to minimize the installed components
• Performs the stage 2 build using LTO for increased performance at the cost of build time
• Performs the stage 2 build using -gline-tables-only for increased debugging information
• Reduces the supported target architectures to those required by Tangram
• Prunes superfluous configuration
• Includes Tangram in the version string for increased snazziness
• Version bumps: git 2.45.0, rust 1.78.0, linux headers 6.8.9, LLVM 18.1.5