CI Improvements

[tcbrindle]

• Use actions/checkout@master everywhere
• Use Ninja for Windows builds
• Add Clang 17 (with libstdc++) to Linux CI
• Build tests with modules (and again with headers) when using Clang 17

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Comparison is base (f31a1c8) 97.99% compared to head (9789ca7) 97.99%.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #160 +/- ## ======================================= Coverage 97.99% 97.99% ======================================= Files 66 66 Lines 2392 2392 ======================================= Hits 2344 2344 Misses 48 48 ```

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