Adding system info logging for Linux

[john-science]

What is the change?

Adding detailed system information for OS and processors, for a wide range of Linux operating systems.

Because there are so many different flavors of Linux, the new system info logging has multiple redundant ways to find the same OS/processor information. The code will try each one in turn before giving up and trying the next one. In this way, we should support a wide array of Linux flavors seamlessly.

Why is the change being made?

ARMI is supposed to support Windows and Linux.

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Checklist

• [X] This PR has only one purpose or idea.
• [X] Tests have been added/updated to verify any new/changed code.

• [X] The code style follows good practices.
• [X] The commit message(s) follow good practices.

• [X] The release notes have been updated if necessary.
• [X] The documentation is still up-to-date in the doc folder.
• [X] The dependencies are still up-to-date in pyproject.toml.