feat: Introduce a new Testcontainers.Xunit package

[0xced]

What does this PR do?

This pull request introduces a new Testcontainers.Xunit NuGet package.

It provides two main classes to simplify working with Testcontainers within xUnit.net tests.

• ContainerTest is a base class for tests needing one container per test method.
• ContainerFixture is a fixture that can be injected into test classes that need one container per test class (a.k.a. singleton container instance).

Both support logging, respectively through ITestOutputHelper and IMessageSink which are the standard xUnit.net logging mechanisms.

DbContainerTest and DbContainerFixture are also provided to ease working with database containers. They provide methods to simplify the creation of DbConnection instances.

Why is it important?

This will greatly reduce boilerplate code needed when using Testcontainers with xUnit.net, both for Testcontainers consumers and for the Testcontainers tests themselves.

Related issues

• Closes #990

Follow-ups

I have another branch (feature/Testcontainers.Xunit+samples) where I have started using Testcontainers.Xunit in the Testcontainers tests themselves. I have currently updated MongoDbContainerTest, ClickHouseContainerTest, MariaDbContainerTest and PostgreSqlContainerTest. You can have a look at them to see how the tests are simplified by using the new base classes or fixtures.

I'm not sure yet whether updating all the Testcontainers tests should be part of this pull request or part of a subsequent pull request.

I've been using xUnit.net extensively so I'm pretty confident about the design of this new package. I'm not familiar enough with either NUnit or MSTest to propose similar packages, maybe someone else can step in.

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[HofmeisterAn]

I think we can consolidate a few things. The underlying configuration for a single instance (ContainerTest) and a shared instance (ContainerFixture) do not differ that much. At least in the past, I reused the same implementation. I think we can do the same here. I will share the setup I typically use tomorrow.

[0xced]

Excellent point! It did not even come to my mind that the lifetime implementation could be shared. I have done it in c20188e0938ffc9e88b413c4ccf933a329ad71f0 with a new ContainerLifetime base class used by both ContainerTest and ContainerFixture.

[HofmeisterAn]

Sorry for the late response today. Tuesdays are always busy for me.

Excellent point! It did not even come to my mind that the lifetime implementation could be shared. I have done it in c20188e with a new ContainerLifetime base class used by both ContainerTest and ContainerFixture.

👍 We do not need to apply the suggestion, but I would like to share and discuss it quickly because I think the code (xUnit's shared context) has a lot in common, and some parts feel like copy and paste. The example I am sharing is not complete because I had to remove some critical parts, but the important parts are still there, and the concept should not be very difficult to understand. Please also take into account that the example contains much more than what is actually necessary for Testcontainers.

The ILoggerProvider implementation is similar to what @samtrion shared. The ILogger implementation is the same for both ITestOutputHelper and IMessageSink, so I do not think code duplication is really necessary.

internal sealed class XunitLoggerProvider : ILoggerProvider
{
    private readonly Stopwatch _stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();

    private readonly ITestOutputHelper _testOutputHelper;

    public XunitLoggerProvider(IMessageSink messageSink)
    {
        _testOutputHelper = new MessageSinkTestOutputHelper(messageSink);
    }

    public XunitLoggerProvider(ITestOutputHelper testOutputHelper)
    {
        _testOutputHelper = testOutputHelper;
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
    }

    public ILogger CreateLogger(string categoryName)
    {
        return new XunitLogger(_stopwatch, _testOutputHelper, categoryName);
    }

    private sealed class MessageSinkTestOutputHelper : ITestOutputHelper
    {
        private readonly IMessageSink _messageSink;

        public MessageSinkTestOutputHelper(IMessageSink messageSink)
        {
            _messageSink = messageSink;
        }

        public void WriteLine(string message)
        {
            _messageSink.OnMessage(new DiagnosticMessage(message));
        }

        public void WriteLine(string format, params object[] args)
        {
            _messageSink.OnMessage(new DiagnosticMessage(format, args));
        }
    }

    private sealed class XunitLogger : ILogger
    {
        private readonly Stopwatch _stopwatch;

        private readonly ITestOutputHelper _testOutputHelper;

        private readonly string _categoryName;

        public XunitLogger(Stopwatch stopwatch, ITestOutputHelper testOutputHelper, string categoryName)
        {
            _stopwatch = stopwatch;
            _testOutputHelper = testOutputHelper;
            _categoryName = categoryName;
        }

        public IDisposable BeginScope<TState>(TState state)
        {
            return Disposable.Instance;
        }

        public bool IsEnabled(LogLevel logLevel)
        {
            return logLevel != LogLevel.None;
        }

        public void Log<TState>(LogLevel logLevel, EventId eventId, TState state, Exception? exception, Func<TState, Exception?, string> formatter)
        {
            _testOutputHelper.WriteLine("[{0} {1:hh\\:mm\\:ss\\.ff}] {2}", _categoryName, _stopwatch.Elapsed, formatter.Invoke(state, exception));
        }

        private sealed class Disposable : IDisposable
        {
            private Disposable()
            {
            }

            public static IDisposable Instance { get; } = new Disposable();

            public void Dispose()
            {
            }
        }
    }
}

I had to remove some parts here that I cannot share. The example builds on top of the WebApplicationFactory<TEntryPoint>, but the concept will be the same for Testcontainers. The actual test class utilizes either the SharedInstance or the SingleInstance implementation.

public abstract class CustomWebApplicationFactory<TEntryPoint> : WebApplicationFactory<TEntryPoint>, IAsyncLifetime where TEntryPoint : class
{
    private readonly List<IWebHostConfiguration> _configurations = new();

    protected CustomWebApplicationFactory()
    {
        AddWebHostConfiguration(new ClearLoggingProviders());
    }

    public void AddWebHostConfiguration(IWebHostConfiguration configuration)
    {
        _configurations.Add(configuration);
    }

    protected override void ConfigureWebHost(IWebHostBuilder builder)
    {
        base.ConfigureWebHost(builder);

        foreach (var configuration in _configurations)
        {
            configuration.ConfigureWebHost(builder);
        }
    }

    // For Testcontainers, the AsyncLifetime property is not necessary; this is specific to the type clash (WebApplicationFactory<TEntryPoint>).
    public IAsyncLifetime AsyncLifetime => this;

    public ValueTask InitializeAsync()
    {
        // Due to a naming conflict where the interfaces `IAsyncLifetime` and
        // `IAsyncDisposable` share the same name for the member `DisposeAsync`, but have
        // different return types, we have implemented the members of the `IAsyncLifetime`
        // interface explicitly. To prevent warnings, a non-explicit implementation has
        // been added. This matter will be addressed in xUnit.net version 3, which also
        // utilizes the `IAsyncDisposable` interface.
        throw new InvalidOperationException("Use the delegate property AsyncLifetime instead.");
    }

    async Task IAsyncLifetime.InitializeAsync()
    {
        await Task.WhenAll(_configurations.Select(configuration => configuration.InitializeAsync()))
            .ConfigureAwait(false);
    }

    async Task IAsyncLifetime.DisposeAsync()
    {
        await Task.WhenAll(_configurations.Select(configuration => configuration.DisposeAsync()))
            .ConfigureAwait(false);
    }

    public class SharedInstance : CustomWebApplicationFactory<TEntryPoint>
    {
        public SharedInstance(IMessageSink messageSink)
        {
            AddWebHostConfiguration(new LoggingWebHostConfiguration(messageSink));
        }
    }

    public class SingleInstance : CustomWebApplicationFactory<TEntryPoint>
    {
        private readonly MoqLoggerProvider _mockOfILogger = new();

        public SingleInstance(ITestOutputHelper testOutputHelper)
        {
            AddWebHostConfiguration(new LoggingWebHostConfiguration(testOutputHelper));
            AddWebHostConfiguration(new LoggingWebHostConfiguration(_mockOfILogger));
        }

        public Mock<ILogger> MockOfILogger => _mockOfILogger;

        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            base.Dispose(disposing);
            _mockOfILogger.Dispose();
        }
    }

    private sealed class ClearLoggingProviders : WebHostConfiguration
    {
        public override void ConfigureWebHost(IWebHostBuilder builder)
        {
            builder.ConfigureTestServices(services => services.RemoveAll<ILoggerFactory>());
            builder.ConfigureLogging(loggingBuilder => loggingBuilder.ClearProviders());
        }
    }
}

The test class will use either one of the instances, similar to:

public class XunitShardContext1 : IClassFixture<CustomWebApplicationFactory<Program>.SharedInstance>
{
    private readonly CustomWebApplicationFactory<Program> _app;

    public XunitShardContext1(CustomWebApplicationFactory<Program>.SharedInstance app)
    {
        _app = app;
    }
}

public class XunitShardContext2 : IAsyncLifetime
{
    private readonly CustomWebApplicationFactory<Program> _app;

    public XunitShardContext2(ITestOutputHelper testOutputHelper)
    {
        _app = new CustomWebApplicationFactory<Program>.SingleInstance(testOutputHelper);
    }
}