upgrade to clang17 in CI and build docs.

brew 17.0.6 works correct with cmake ..
[0/2] Re-checking globbed directories...
[19/6513] Building CXX object contrib/...d.dir/__/libunwind/src/libunwind.cpp.o
In file included from /Volumes/41plus/proton/contrib/libunwind/src/libunwind.cpp:31:
In file included from /Volumes/41plus/proton/contrib/libunwind/src/UnwindCursor.hpp:83:
/Volumes/41plus/proton/contrib/libunwind/src/DwarfInstructions.hpp:104:23: warning: 'syscall' is deprecated: first deprecated in macOS 10.12 - syscall(2) is unsupported; please switch to a supported interface. For SYS_kdebug_trace use kdebug_signpost(). [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
  104 |   return ptr && (0 == syscall(SYS_mincore, (void*)(ptr / page_size * page_size), 1, &mincore_res) || errno == ENOSYS);
      |                       ^
/Applications/Xcode-beta 2.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/unistd.h:748:6: note: 'syscall' has been explicitly marked deprecated here
  748 | int      syscall(int, ...);
      |          ^
1 warning generated.
[6505/6513] Linking CXX executable programs/proton
ld: warning: ignoring duplicate libraries: '-lpthread', 'programs/client/libclickhouse-client-lib.a', 'programs/server/libclickhouse-server-lib.a', 'src/Common/StringUtils/libstring_utils.a', 'src/libclickhouse_common_io.a'
ld: warning: __eh_frame section too large (max 16MB) to encode dwarf unwind offsets in compact unwind table, performance of exception handling might be affected
[6513/6513] cd /Volumes/41plus/proton/build_clang17/programs && /opt/homebrew/Cellar/cmake/3.28.0/bin/cmake -E create_symlink proton proton-klog-benchmark
re@res-Mac-mini build_clang17 % clang -v                                    
Homebrew clang version 17.0.6
Target: arm64-apple-darwin23.0.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin
timeplus-io / proton

upgrade to clang17 in CI and build docs. #706
