Reconfigure CircleCI executors

[flyingsilverfin]

Usage and product changes

We compile and release TypeDB Console using an older version of Linux, which requires GLIBC 2.26 instead of GLIBC 2.27. This change switches the build platform to Amazon Linux 2 (via Docker), which is based on CentOS, instead of Ubuntu 18.04, which is based on Debian.

Additionally, we upgrade the Windows Orb to 5.0.0, which also allowed using a larger executor to reduce CI time.

Implementation

• Migrate to amazonlinux:2 docker for Linux builds
  • We migrate package installation and dependency management for build steps to use yum/rpm package management
• Migrate windows orb to 5.0.0, and set executor to 'large'
  • We update the Python and VC installation parameters as required

[typedb-bot]

PR Review Checklist

Do not edit the content of this comment. The PR reviewer should simply update this comment by ticking each review item below, as they get completed.

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Trivial Change

• [x] This change is trivial and does not require a code or architecture review.

Code

• [ ] Packages, classes, and methods have a single domain of responsibility.
• [ ] Packages, classes, and methods are grouped into cohesive and consistent domain model.
• [ ] The code is canonical and the minimum required to achieve the goal.
• [ ] Modules, libraries, and APIs are easy to use, robust (foolproof and not errorprone), and tested.
• [ ] Logic and naming has clear narrative that communicates the accurate intent and responsibility of each module (e.g. method, class, etc.).
• [ ] The code is algorithmically efficient and scalable for the whole application.

Architecture

• [ ] Any required refactoring is completed, and the architecture does not introduce technical debt incidentally.
• [ ] Any required build and release automations are updated and/or implemented.
• [ ] Any new components follows a consistent style with respect to the pre-existing codebase.
• [ ] The architecture intuitively reflects the application domain, and is easy to understand.
• [ ] The architecture has a well-defined hierarchy of encapsulated components.
• [ ] The architecture is extensible and scalable.