Some inline size refactoring

[pyrello]

Makes the base case (no container queries) more robust by adding more breakpoints and moving some logic from the container query section into the base case.

To test

This updates the callout alignment, sizing, and margins so that it works without container query code.

• Test callouts with breakpoints on https://uids.brand.uiowa.edu/latest/?path=/story/elements-inline--three-column and that the callout stretches to 100% when columns get squished.
• Test with https://github.com/uiowa/uids/blob/4.x/src/components/grid/grid.scss#L66-L72 commented out and verify that sizing and alignment in https://uids.brand.uiowa.edu/latest/?path=/story/elements-inline--narrow still works.

[GaryRidgway]

All the testing instructions work as stated, but I am seeing this on three columns when commenting out the lines in instruction two: Is that something we should investigate, or are we aware of this problem and not worried?