For geographic encoding, INCITS 31:2009 and 38:2009 have officially replaced FIPS 5-2 and 6-4 as the federal standards for encoding counties and states, but FIPS codes are still common amongst older datasets in order to be able to join across datasets (for example GSOD provides FIPS codes, but to join on current US Census data we'd need to be able to connect that to the corresponding ANSI codes).
Looks like the "ownership" of FIPS codes and semantics just transferred from NIST -> ANSI, but the codes stayed the same so ANSI codes aren't really distinct from FIPS codes.
For geographic encoding, INCITS 31:2009 and 38:2009 have officially replaced FIPS 5-2 and 6-4 as the federal standards for encoding counties and states, but FIPS codes are still common amongst older datasets in order to be able to join across datasets (for example GSOD provides FIPS codes, but to join on current US Census data we'd need to be able to connect that to the corresponding ANSI codes).
List of ANSI codes: http://www.census.gov/geo/www/ansi/national.txt
More info on replacement of FIPS codes: http://www.nist.gov/itl/upload/FIPSCodesReplacementChart2012.pdf