feat(node:timers): add polyfill for timer functions

[jculvey]

🔗 Linked issue

❓ Type of change

• [ ] 📖 Documentation (updates to the documentation, readme, or JSdoc annotations)
• [ ] 🐞 Bug fix (a non-breaking change that fixes an issue)
• [ ] 👌 Enhancement (improving an existing functionality like performance)
• [x] ✨ New feature (a non-breaking change that adds functionality)
• [ ] 🧹 Chore (updates to the build process or auxiliary tools and libraries)
• [ ] ⚠️ Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)

📚 Description

I was working on this when the version that throws got merged. Happy to stick with that or use what we have here.

📝 Checklist

• [ ] I have linked an issue or discussion.
• [ ] I have updated the documentation accordingly.