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`Privacy Design Issues/Numerical Resource ID` Detected on `POST /pet` Endpoint #23

Open usmantek opened 1 month ago

usmantek commented 1 month ago
Report Date:October 01, 2024
Spec URL:https://petstore.swagger.io/v2/swagger.yaml
Report By:Perf AI
Severity:HIGH

Overview

Endpoint:`POST /pet`
Vulnerability:`Privacy Design Issues/Numerical Resource ID`
Impact:HIGH
Fields
NameData TypeLocation
idintegerRequest
Compliance Impact:[Refer to map]

Description

The `POST /pet` endpoint uses sequential numerical values for the `id` response field. A critical vulnerability has been detected. The system is assigning sequential `id`s, which allows attackers to easily guess and infer the total number of `ids`. Combined with insufficient authorization checks, this creates the potential for large-scale unauthorized access to sensitive business data. This vulnerability significantly increases the risk of data breaches and exposure of confidential business information. Immediate corrective action is recommended to prevent exploitation and protect system integrity.

Steps to Reproduce

Request
{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "name",
    "photoUrls"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "id": {
      "type": "integer",
      "format": "int64"
    },
    "category": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "id": {
          "type": "integer",
          "format": "int64"
        },
        "name": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "xml": {
        "name": "Category"
      }
    },
    "name": {
      "type": "string",
      "example": "doggie"
    },
    "photoUrls": {
      "type": "array",
      "xml": {
        "wrapped": true
      },
      "items": {
        "type": "string",
        "xml": {
          "name": "photoUrl"
        }
      }
    },
    "tags": {
      "type": "array",
      "xml": {
        "wrapped": true
      },
      "items": {
        "xml": {
          "name": "tag"
        },
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
          "id": {
            "type": "integer",
            "format": "int64"
          },
          "name": {
            "type": "string"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "status": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "pet status in the store",
      "enum": [
        "available",
        "pending",
        "sold"
      ]
    }
  },
  "xml": {
    "name": "Pet"
  }
}
Request Schema
{
  "type": "object",
  "required": [
    "name",
    "photoUrls"
  ],
  "properties": {
    "id": {
      "type": "integer",
      "format": "int64"
    },
    "category": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "id": {
          "type": "integer",
          "format": "int64"
        },
        "name": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "xml": {
        "name": "Category"
      }
    },
    "name": {
      "type": "string",
      "example": "doggie"
    },
    "photoUrls": {
      "type": "array",
      "xml": {
        "wrapped": true
      },
      "items": {
        "type": "string",
        "xml": {
          "name": "photoUrl"
        }
      }
    },
    "tags": {
      "type": "array",
      "xml": {
        "wrapped": true
      },
      "items": {
        "xml": {
          "name": "tag"
        },
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
          "id": {
            "type": "integer",
            "format": "int64"
          },
          "name": {
            "type": "string"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "status": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "pet status in the store",
      "enum": [
        "available",
        "pending",
        "sold"
      ]
    }
  },
  "xml": {
    "name": "Pet"
  }
}

Impact Analysis

1. Unauthorized Access: Attackers can access or modify business information without appropriate authorization, potentially leading to data breaches and manipulation of sensitive information.
2. Business Information Leakage: By enumerating IDs, attackers can learn the total number of vendors and gain insights into business operations, which could be exploited by competitors.
3. Compliance Violations: Unauthorized access to sensitive data may violate data protection regulations, resulting in legal and reputational consequences.
Compliance Violation:[Refer to map]

Recommendation

Immediate Mitigation Steps:
1. Implement Proper Authorization Checks: Ensure that `POST /pet` endpoint is restricted to authorized users based on their roles and permissions. Implement checks to verify that a user can only access or modify resources they are authorized to interact with.
2. Use Non-Sequential, Hard-to-Guess Identifiers: Replace sequential numerical IDs with UUIDs or another form of non-guessable identifiers to make enumeration attacks more difficult.
3. Rate Limiting and Monitoring: Implement rate limiting to prevent automated, rapid enumeration of vendor IDs. Set up monitoring to detect and respond to suspicious activities.
Long-Term Solution
1. Adopt Object-Level Access Control: Implement strict object-level access controls (BOLA) across all endpoints. Ensure that authorization checks are in place at every object-level interaction.
2. Implement Logging and Alerting: Log access attempts and authorization failures to detect potential enumeration or unauthorized access attempts. Set up alerts for unusual patterns or spikes in access attempts.
3. Security Testing: Regularly conduct security testing, including penetration tests, to identify and address similar vulnerabilities across other endpoints. Review code and conduct security assessments to ensure that all sensitive endpoints are adequately protected.

Conclusion

This vulnerability poses a critical risk to the security and integrity of the system, potentially allowing unauthorized access and modification of sensitive business information. Immediate corrective actions are necessary to secure the `POST /pet` endpoint against enumeration and unauthorized access. By implementing the recommended mitigations, the system can be safeguarded against exploitation and potential data breaches.

References

  1. OWASP Broken Object Level Authorization
  2. OWASP Authentication and Authorization