feat!: Port to TypeScript, closes #762

[broofa]

Switching the codebase to Typescript.

• [x] Move src/.js -> src/.ts
• [x] add type annotations throughout
• [x] Prefer Uint8Array for binary uuids throughout (BREAKING CHANGE)
• [x] Port unit tests to TS
• [x] Switch test runner from jest to node:test
• [x] Switch to tsc for generating buidls
• [x] Get all checks passing

Other notes:

• *Changes to src/.js files should be limited to...**
  • Adding type annotations
  • Switching to Uint8Array for binary UUIDs
• The examples/node-jest test passes, but I don't see it being run as part of CI or npm test anywhere. I'm tempted to remove it. 🤔
• Updated to eslint@latest, and switched config to ESM.
• Updated to @wdio/*@latest
• Switched prettier config to ESM
• Added VSCode configuration. @ctavan, iirc you've objected to this in the past, but these are very helpful to me and to other vscode users that may want to contribute to this codebase. Specifically:
  • tasks.json starts the build:watch and test:watch scripts automatically when you open the project
  • extensions.json identifies the plugins that devs should use to apply our eslint and prettier settings while editing code
• Sorted package.json#scripts alphabetically
  • Added build:watch and test:watch scripts, which I'm using in vscode
• Unit tests have been ported to TS, but should be functionally identical.
• Tests and CI are run using the dist/esm directory (unless they're explicitely testing other dist/* builds.
• build.sh now builds ESM and CJS versions of code using tsc rather than babel.
  • The top-level dist/*.js files can now be found in dist/esm, alongside the other builds (esm-browser, cjs, and cjs-browser)
• Switched to using Uint8Array for binary (byte) UUID data structures throughout. The one exception is the return type for md5 and sha1 on node, which is still Buffer (but that's a subclass of Uint8Array these days anyways so... 🤷)

[broofa]

@LinusU @pmccarren I would particularly appreciate a review of the TS types I've added, particularly with regard to API surface where I've used overload signatures to capture the different method incantations.

@ctavan et al: Thoughts on release process? I know we just pushed v10, so pushing a v11 this soon after feels a bit... sudden? We could do a prerelease ("11.0.0-beta") and dist tag as npm dist-tag add 11.0.0-beta beta, I suppose.

[broofa]

@joshkel As the most recent contributor to @types/uuid, I'd certainly appreciate any feedback you have on this.

[broofa]

Final call. Merging this by week's end unless someone objects.

@ctavan @LinusU @pmccarren @joshkel