Vaadin Web Security integration improvements

[mshabarov]

Description

Various enhancements for making Vaadin Web Security API be more extendable and flexible:

• [ ] https://github.com/vaadin/flow/issues/17189
• [ ] https://github.com/vaadin/flow/issues/16636
• [x] https://github.com/vaadin/flow/issues/15818
• [ ] https://github.com/vaadin/flow/issues/16953
• [ ] https://github.com/vaadin/platform/issues/4403
• [x] https://github.com/vaadin/flow/issues/11335
• [ ] https://github.com/vaadin/flow/issues/17519
• [ ] https://github.com/vaadin/spring/issues/914
• [ ] https://github.com/vaadin/flow/issues/17624
• [ ] https://github.com/vaadin/flow/issues/17859
• [ ] https://github.com/vaadin/flow/issues/18071
• [ ] https://github.com/vaadin/flow/issues/18675
• [ ] https://github.com/vaadin/flow/issues/18666
• [ ] https://github.com/vaadin/flow/issues/18681

[knoobie]

Additional ideas by @archiecobbs https://github.com/vaadin/flow/issues/20092#issuecomment-2389486950 to be considered