Remote state persistence

[binarylogic]

After opening #9604, I think we should consider the ability to store Vector's state remotely based on configuration. This could be an external blob store, an automatic feature of our enterprise offering, etc. This would simplify things like #9604, allow users to avoid disks altogether, and make it more obvious to users how state is persisted and recovered.

[jszwedko]

Doing this with disk buffers would essentially make them external buffers too, no?

[binarylogic]

This is more about storing Vector state, like checkpoints.