fix(convert): return error when conversion exceeds f64 bounds

[dhable]

Prior to this commit, string values that would exceed the f64 bounds would return f64::INFINITY. This leaks a type into the VRL scripts that could cause a panic without support to check for the value.

Fixes #1107

Summary

Change Type

• [x] Bug fix
• [ ] New feature
• [ ] Non-functional (chore, refactoring, docs)
• [ ] Performance

Is this a breaking change?

• [x] Yes
• [ ] No

How did you test this PR?

Does this PR include user facing changes?

• [x] Yes. Please add a changelog fragment based on our guidelines.
• [ ] No. A maintainer will apply the "no-changelog" label to this PR.

Checklist

• [ ] Our CONTRIBUTING.md is a good starting place.
• [ ] If this PR introduces changes to LICENSE-3rdparty.csv, please run dd-rust-license-tool write and commit the changes. More details here.
• [ ] For new VRL functions, please also create a sibling PR in Vector to document the new function.

References

[pront]

Hi @dhable, thank you for this contribution. Do you plan to drive this PR to completion? Let me know if I can help.

[dhable]

@pront Yes, I just got back from PTO but I'll get the suggestions added.