Add Ruff for formatting and linting

[suryadutta]

Ruff is an extremely performant and opinionated Python linter and formatter. This PR proposes adding it to this project.

After introducing this change:

• the command make format will automatically format the code based on PEP8 standards, similar to the black autoformatter

  • the main benefit of this is that developers no longer have to care about how to correctly format python code. No more worrying about "whether there should be a space after that == operator or not". Everything is fixed automatically.

• the command make lint will automatically lint the code similar to static analysis tools like flake8, isort, and more

  • linting has many benefits for a project. The most important one is that it can catch potential errors and mistakes in the code logic.
  • list of rules that the Ruff linter checks for

[smacmullan]

I'm still having Windows-specific issues (I'll probably switch to a container setup next time I go to do work on this repo). I support adding the linter, someone else will need to test it out.

[suryadutta]

I'm still having Windows-specific issues (I'll probably switch to a container setup next time I go to do work on this repo). I support adding the linter, someone else will need to test it out.

@smacmullan Sorry you're having these issues - I started drafting a PR for running these commands in Docker here: https://github.com/ward-wise/data-analysis/pull/40/files

Also happy to try debugging the issues you're running into

[simplicio10]

@suryadutta I checked this out to take a look. I haven't used Ruff before and want to make sure I'm doing it right. I'll play around a bit today and may have some questions at tonight's open hack if you'll be there.

In general, this looks great so I don't imagine there will be any issues.