Add URL.parse()

[annevk]

Tests: https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt/pull/45248.

Fixes #372.

• [x] At least two implementers are interested (and none opposed):
  • Gecko
  • WebKit
• [x] Tests are written and can be reviewed and commented upon at:
  • See above.
• [x] Implementation bugs are filed:
  • Chromium: https://issues.chromium.org/issues/331041242
  • Gecko: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1887611
  • WebKit: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=271636
  • Deno: https://github.com/denoland/deno/issues/23069
  • Node.js: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/52208
• [x] MDN issue is filed: https://github.com/mdn/content/issues/32825
• [x] The top of this comment includes a clear commit message to use.

(See WHATWG Working Mode: Changes for more details.)

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