Refactor `Rust::Result` into `std::expected`

[Wunkolo]

The standard library already has support for this type as of C++23: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/header/expected

This is also supported by all major compilers

This bumps the project up to C++23.

[wheremyfoodat]

The NDK strives for equality, for it hates everyone equally.

[Wunkolo]

Windows passes just fine. Android fails due to missing the header entirely. The other builds fail due to a libstdc++ issue(https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/62801). Closing for now!

[wheremyfoodat]

Speaking of libstdc++ issues, shout out Github for closing this issue https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/8659