The resulting fat12.img can be mounted like any other disk image. Unmount when you're done populating it, then run the simulator:
$ npm run start:circuitpython
> rp2040js@0.19.3 start:circuitpython
> tsx demo/micropython-run.ts --circuitpython
Loading uf2 image adafruit-circuitpython-raspberry_pi_pico-en_US-8.0.2.uf2
Auto-reload is on. Simply save files over USB to run them or enter REPL to disable.
Press any key to enter the REPL. Use CTRL-D to reload.
Adafruit CircuitPython 8.0.2 on 2023-02-14; Raspberry Pi Pico with rp2040
>>> import os
>>> os.listdir()
['hello_world.txt']
Just contributing some knowledge about how to create the CircuitPython storage volume on macOS:
The resulting
fat12.img
can be mounted like any other disk image. Unmount when you're done populating it, then run the simulator: