Build CI

[zarfld]

Related to #173

Add CI build process for ubuntu-24.04 and Debian versions.

• Dependency Management

  • Install eatmydata, git, python3, devscripts, and build-essential in ci-prerequisites.sh.
  • Add caching mechanism for dependencies in ci-prerequisites.sh.

• CI Configuration

  • Add runs-on: ubuntu-24.04 and a build matrix with Debian versions (bullseye, bookworm, sid) in .github/workflows/ci.yml.
  • Clone the repository with submodules in .github/workflows/ci.yml.
  • Install dependencies using ci-prerequisites.sh in .github/workflows/ci.yml.

• Build and Test

  • Configure using ./autogen.sh and ./configure, disable runtime dependency checks in .github/workflows/ci.yml.
  • Build and test using make and test commands in .github/workflows/ci.yml.
  • Build Debian packages for the matrixed OS versions in .github/workflows/ci.yml.

• Optimization

  • Use eatmydata to reduce IO latency during package installation in .github/workflows/ci.yml.

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