Rock v0.4.3

Documentation

Native language made with Rust and LLVM.

Aim to follow the enforced safeness of the Rust model with a borrow checker (Soon™) and to achieve high native performances thanks to LLVM. Rock is highly inspired from Livescript, Haskell and Rust.

No to be taken seriously (yet).
Rock is still in its early conception phase, and everything can change and/or break at any time.
Feel free to discuss any new feature or change you may like in an issue! We welcome and value every contribution.

Index

• Rock v0.4.3
  • Index
  • Features
  • Install
  • From source
    • With Cargo from Git (Recommanded)
    • Manual Clone and Build from Git
  • Using Released Binary
  • Quickstart
  • Showcases
  • Polymorphic function
  • Custom infix operator
  • Trait Definition
  • Trait default method
  • Struct instance and methods
  • Show and Print implementation
  • Modules and Code Separation
  • Development notes

Features

• Strongly typed
• Type inference
• Custom operators
• Typeclass (Traits)
• Polymorphism by default
• Compile to LLVM IR

Install

From source

You will need llvm-13 and clang-13 somewhere in your $PATH

With Cargo from Git (Recommanded)

cargo install --locked --git https://github.com/Champii/Rock --tag v0.4.3
rock -V

Manual Clone and Build from Git

git clone https://github.com/Champii/Rock.git
cd Rock
cargo run --release -- -V

Note: If you clone and build manually, make sure to add Rock/target/release/ to you $PATH so you can run it anywhere on your system.
This method uses the master branch of Rock, that is not stable. You can checkout the latest version tag.

Rock has been tested against Rust stable v1.60.0 and nightly

Adding Rust Nightly

Using Released Binary

Rock v0.4.3

wget https://github.com/Champii/Rock/releases/download/v0.4.3/rock
chmod +x rock
./rock -V

This install method is not well tested yet, and might not work for your environment. It requires a x86_64 architecture and GLIBC 2.34. (Don't try to upgrade your GLIBC if you don't know what you are doing)

Quickstart

• Lets create a new project folder to compute some factorials

rock new factorial && cd factorial

• Edit the factorial/src/main.rk file:

fact: x ->
  if x <= 1
  then 1
  else x * fact (x - 1)

main: -> fact 4 .print!

Assuming that you built Rock and put its binary in your PATH:

$ rock run
24

Rock should have produced a ./build/ folder, that contains your a.out executable. You can execute it directly:

$ ./build/a.out
24

Take a look at rock --help for a quick tour of its flags and arguments

Note that you currently MUST be at the project root to run the compiler. (i.e. inside the ./factorial/ folder)

Showcases

Polymorphic function

id: x -> x

main: ->
  id 1 .print!
  id 2.2 .print!
  id "Test" .print!

Prints

$ rock run
1
2.2
Test

The id function here is polymorphic by default, as we don't make any constraint on the type that we should take or return.
If we did something like this
id: x -> x + x
We would have constrained x to types that implement Num

Note that this example would still be valid, as Int64, Float64 and String are all implementors of Num.
String is nowhere at its place here, and only implements + for string concatenation. This should change in the future with more traits like Add in rust

The output would be:

2
4.4
TestTest

Custom infix operator

infix |> 1
|>: x, f -> f x

f: x -> x + 2

main: -> (4 |> f).print!

$ rock run
6

You can create any operator that is made of any combination of one or more of '+', '-', '/', '*', '|', '<', '>', '=', '!', '$', '@', '&'

Most of the commonly defined operators like +, <=, etc are already implemented by the stdlib that is automaticaly compiled with every package.
There is a --nostd option to allow you to use your own custom implementation.

Trait definition

This trait ToString is redondant with the trait Show implemented in the stdlib, and serves as a demonstration only

trait ToString
  @tostring: String

impl ToString Int64
  @tostring: -> @show!

impl ToString Float64
  @tostring: -> @show!

main: ->
  (33).tostring!.print!
  (42.42).tostring!.print!

$ rock run
33
42.42

Trait default method

trait ToString
  @tostring: -> @show!

impl ToString Int64
impl ToString Float64

main: ->
  (33).tostring!.print!
  (42.42).tostring!.print!

$ rock run
33
42.42

Struct instance and methods

struct Player
  level: Int64
  name: String

impl Player
  new: level ->
    Player
      level: level
      name: "Default"
  @getlevel: -> @level

main: ->
  Player::new 1
    .getlevel!
    .print!

$ rock run
1

Show and Print implementation

struct Player
  level: Int64
  name: String

impl Show Player
  @show: -> @name + "(" + @level.show! + ")"

# This will be automatic in the future
impl Print Player

main: ->
  let player = Player
    level: 42
    name: "MyName"

  player.print!

$ rock run
MyName(42)

Modules and code separation

• ./myproj/src/foo.rk

bar: x -> x + 1

• ./myproj/src/main.rk

mod foo

use foo::bar

main: -> bar 1 .print!

$ rock run
2

Note that we could have skiped the use foo::bar if we wrote main: -> foo::bar 1 .print!

Development notes

This project, its syntax and its APIs are subject to change at any moment.
This is a personal project, so please bear with me

Differently put: this is a big red hot pile of experimental garbage right now